Particulate Matter Emission Decrease Possibility from Household Sector using Flue Gas Condenser – Fog Unit. Analysis and Interpretation of Results

Abstract

Particulate matter (PM) is a significant pollution problem on the global scale. There are different ways to measure PM from stationary sources. The most used types of PM collection methods include different filters. These include cellulose, glass, mixed and membrane filters. In this study PM samples were measured in the flue gas condenserfog unit system before and after the unit according to ISO 9096 standard using isokinetic and gravimetric method. PM concentrations after fog unit were measured at different water flows and nozzle types. Impact factors, that effect PM concentrations before and after the fog unit are listed and studied in detail. Achieved results show that the fog unit can be one potential technology for particle matter emission decrease from the household sector. Keywords -Flue gas condenser; flue gas treatment; fog unit household emissions; isokinetic and gravimetric method; particulate matter Nomenclature PM Particulate matter µg/m 3 or mg/Nm 3 t Temperature °C m Mass mg or g Environmental and Climate Technologies ____________________________________________________________________________ 2019 / 23 136The problem of PM pollution is topical throughout the globe. The World Health organization has developed guidelines for created PM, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide emissions, that are based on evaluation of data gained through expert-conducted scientific studies and are applicable to any country. Guideline values are set for PM2.5 (fine particulate matter, FPM) and PM10 (coarse particulate matter, CPM). An annual mean for PM2.5 is 10 µg/m 3 , but 24-hour mean should not exceed 25 µg/m 3 . For PM10 annual mean is 20 µg/m 3 , but 24-hour mean is 50 µg/m 3 [3]. Study done by Steinberga shows that maximum daily concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 at Riga can reach 52.5 µg/m 3 at summer months and 83.4 µg/m 3 at winter months, respectively [4].A study by Chen et al. shows that in 2015 over 45 % from PM emissions in Europe were created by small capacity combustion units, while industrial wood combustion units can create an amount of PM that is comparable to one measured in densest cities at traffic hours. Studies carried out in China have shown that biomass use in combustion units can make up to 19-37 % of the total PM amount, depending on weather conditions and season, as well the type of biomass used. The parameter of fuel that causes the biggest impact on PM emissions is its moisture content [5], [6]. However, PM10 emission which come from transport sector also must be taken into account to solve pollution problem with solid emissions concentration in the world [7].There are different ways to measure PM emissions and to determine their concentration that can be found in literature. For example, International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has issued several standards for the determination of stationary source emissions, such as ISO 25597:2013: Test method for determining PM2.5 and PM10 in stack gases using cyclone and sample dilution systems [8] and ISO 9096:2017 for Manual determina...

Sprayed Water Flowrate, Temperature and Drop Size Effects on Small Capacity Flue Gas Condenser’s Performance

“…Results show that it is possible to obtain particulate matter reduction from 70 % to 77.3 % with each nozzle type, if water flowrate is 150 l/h and higher. A more detailed study about particulate matter reduction with the fog unit technology can be found in another paper done by Priedniece et al [31]. Water spraying in the fog unit was organized by using circulation water pump.…”

“…The energy efficiency of provided technology was selected as the main criteria in this case. However, in another study about the same technology, it will be possible to find results, where the main focus was put on particulate matter decrease possibilities using the fog unit [31].…”

Treatment of Particulate Matter Pollution: People’s Attitude and Readiness to Act

“…The efficiency of the fog unit reached in experiments is up to 15.39 % (capacity 3.11 kW for pellet boiler with capacity 20 kW) and the operating principle of the unit system is described in more detail in a paper by Priedniece et al [6]. The use of a fog unit significantly decreases particulate matter amount in flue gases from combustion units, as shown by results described in [7], where PM reduction efficiency is from 28.6 % to 77.3 %, depending on used nozzle type, sprayed water flowrate and other parameters. Integrating this device in households would lead to essential benefits both locally and globally, creating not only positive impact on the environment, but also on human health.…”

Investigating Energy Use, Environment Pollution, and Economic Growth in Developing Countries

“…Finally, findings in [41] support a unidirectional causality from GDP to energy consumption. The abovementioned works provided a good foundation for more focused studies on other aspects of the relationship between economic growth, energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions presented in [42]- [46].…”