Particulate emissions from tailpipe during idling of public transit buses fueled with alternative fuels

Shandilya, Kaushik K.; Kumar, Ashok

doi:10.1002/ep.11696

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The particulate matter (PM) emissions of diesel engines, especially those in the fine (diameter of <2.5 μm) and ultrafine (diameter of <0.1 μm) range, have been serious concerns for the environment and human health. , The majority of PM derives from soot, which is highly carbonaceous and weighs more than 50% in PM mass. − Other than the emission problems, soot in combustion flame can increase radiative heat transfer, , which leads to reduced combustion efficiency. Recently, the effects of butanol additive on soot emissions of diesel engines have been well studied. ,,− Yao et al researched the effects of n -butanol additive on performance and emissions of a heavy-duty direct injection diesel engine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Investigation on Soot Mechanism of Diesel and Diesel/n-Butanol Blend in Constant Volume Chamber with Various Ambient Temperatures

et al. 2016

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Computational investigation was carried out in an optical constant volume chamber to explore the combined effects of initial ambient temperatures (800, 900, and 1000 K) and n-butanol additive (20% volume fraction of n-butanol) on diesel combustion and soot characteristics. An improved phenomenological soot model integrated with a reduced n-heptane/nbutanol/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mechanism was developed and implemented into the KIVA-3V R2 code to study the soot formation and oxidation mechanism. The predicted chamber pressure and heat release rate as well as soot mass trace and distribution showed good agreements with the experimental data. Results indicated that the ignition delay was retarded and total soot mass was reduced with the decrease of initial ambient temperature and with the n-butanol additive. The heat release rate of pure diesel demonstrated a transition from diffusion-dominated combustion at 1000 K to premix-dominated combustion at 800 K. Diesel/n-butanol blend showed no obvious combustion transition but more intensive premixed combustion with the decrease of initial ambient temperatures. Analysis of soot intermediate species of pure diesel and diesel/nbutanol blend revealed that the soot formation and oxidation mechanism were both restrained at lower initial ambient temperatures. The soot formation of diesel/n-butanol blend was weaker than that of pure diesel, however, the soot oxidation remained the same level for both fuels varying with the initial ambient temperatures. The quantitative and spatial distribution analysis indicated that the suppressed formation mechanism of soot and its intermediate species would play a leading role in the reduction of soot with decreasing initial ambient temperatures and with the n-butanol additive, which can be explained by the shrinking of high-temperature and fuel-rich zone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Investigation on Soot Mechanism of Diesel and Diesel/n-Butanol Blend in Constant Volume Chamber with Various Ambient Temperatures

et al. 2016

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“…(5) The PM emission characteristics of transit buses using alternative fuels were analyzed. (6) In addition, many studies have been conducted to analyze idling prevention technologies or policies applicable to transit buses and their effects. For example, a simulation analysis was conducted to analyze the fuel savings effect when an idling stop and go (ISG) system was applied to a transit bus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Transit Bus Idling Control Strategies Using Geospatial Information

Park¹,

Jeong²

2019

Sensors and Materials

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Unnecessary fuel consumption and vehicle emissions due to transit bus idling increase local government subsidies provided to bus companies in South Korea and negatively affect citizen health. In this study, we analyzed the temporal and spatial distributions of transit bus idling using transit bus operational information collected via a digital tachograph. Transit bus management strategies were then proposed on the basis of analytical results. Specifically, all idling times were calculated by analyzing the driving records of all buses operating in Gwangju for 1 day on weekdays, and the idling data were classified into depot, bus stop, and road datasets on the basis of the idling occurrence location. The classified datasets were used to analyze the idling characteristics and fuel consumption, and CO 2 , THC, CO, and NO x emissions were calculated using the MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) model. The results show that the largest proportion of total idling time is idling caused by the traffic situation on roads, accounting for 74-81% of the total. However, 12-18% of the total idling occurred at bus stops and 4-14% of the total idling occurred in depots. The compressed natural gas consumed by all transit buses during idling for a single day was 7402 m 3 , which was estimated to cost approximately $4585.

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“…However, diesel engines still have major problems of simultaneous reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) and smoke emissions due to diffusion‐governing combustion mechanisms . Many new combustion modes such as homogenous charge compression ignition and dual‐fuel have been proposed to overcome this problem . Among all the methods, dual‐fuel combustion is a promising concept due to its less modification to conventional diesel engines and low cost .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of co‐combustion ratio on rapid combustion, cyclical variation, and emissions of a heavy‐duty diesel engine fueled with diesel‐methanol dual‐fuel

Zhang

2017

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Diesel-methanol dual-fuel (DMDF) combustion was achieved on a 6-cylinder, heavy-duty, turbocharged and common-rail diesel engine. In DMDF mode, the coalproduced methanol is induced to the upstream of the intake manifold and premixed with the fresh air to form a homogeneous methanol-air mixture and then ignited by directinjected pilot diesel in cylinder. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of co-combustion ratio (CCR) on the rapid combustion, cyclical variation and emissions of the DMDF engine. The experimental results show that CCR affect the rapid combustion (a) and knock tendency (b) greatly. With CCR increasing, both a and b increase significantly. The b exhibits an obviously large value under heavy load although CCR and a are small. At larger CCR, DMDF mode may generate a seriously cyclical variation and the coefficient of variation for indicated mean effective pressure (COV IMEP ) exhibits a relatively large value. However, with engine load increasing, the cyclical variation can be obviously decreased. It is also shown that both NOx and smoke emissions in DMDF mode present an obviously decrease trend, while CO and HC emissions exhibits an increase trend. A further reduction of NOx and smoke emissions can be obtained by increasing CCR, but CO and HC emissions are increased in this case.

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Particulate emissions from tailpipe during idling of public transit buses fueled with alternative fuels

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Computational Investigation on Soot Mechanism of Diesel and Diesel/n-Butanol Blend in Constant Volume Chamber with Various Ambient Temperatures

Computational Investigation on Soot Mechanism of Diesel and Diesel/n-Butanol Blend in Constant Volume Chamber with Various Ambient Temperatures

Development of Transit Bus Idling Control Strategies Using Geospatial Information

Effects of co‐combustion ratio on rapid combustion, cyclical variation, and emissions of a heavy‐duty diesel engine fueled with diesel‐methanol dual‐fuel

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