Particulate and filter feeding in threadfin shad, <i>Dorosoma petenense</i>, at different light intensities

Holanov, Stephen H.; Tash, Jerry C.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1978.tb03475.x

Cited by 49 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Previous laboratory work on planktivorous fish had shown that feeding behaviour and rate of food consumption were dependent on size and density of available prey (Leong & O'Connell 1969, O'Connell 1972, O'Connell & Zweifel1972, Durbin & Durbin 1975, Janssen 1976, Holanov & Tash 1978, Hunter & Dorr 1982, Gibson & Ezzi 1985. General conclusions drawn from these studies are that feeding is selective and planktivores can have a marked impact upon their prey communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Observations during the collection of the reactive distance data indicated that the anchovy formed a search image for a prey type that was offered several times in succession, but there are no data about the length of time such an image persists. (Janssen 1976(Janssen , 1978, Dorosoma petenense (Holanov & Tash 1978) and Clupea harengus (Gibson & Ezzi 1985). The major difference in the feeding behaviour of E. capensis was that they did not filter feed on large particles when present in high densities nor switch to biting when the density was reduced below a threshold concentration as described for other planktivores (O'Connell 1972, O'Connell & Zweifel 1972, Hunter & Dorr 1982, Gibson & Ezzi 1985.…”

Section: Particulate Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of particle size and concentration on feeding behaviour, selectivity and rates of food ingestion by the Cape anchovy Engraulis capensis

James¹,

Findlay²

1989

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

102

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Engraulis capensis (Gilchrist) is capable of both filter and particulate feeding, the latter being the dominant mode. Food concentrations required to initiate filter feeding were inversely related to particle size. Turning rate, swimming speed and feeding mode also depended on prey size. The anchovy switched from filtering to biting at a threshold prey size of 0.710 to 0.720 mm; the feeding mode employed by the fish on prey approximating this size depended upon prey concentration. Biting clearance rates were greater than those for filtering, and the fish fed at maximum rate over most of their prey size spectrum. These results indicate that E. capensis had adapted its feeding behaviour to maximise food intake and to minimise energy expenditure. The selective grazing of E. capensis may have a significant effect on the structure of its prey communities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Particulate Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of particle size and concentration on feeding behaviour, selectivity and rates of food ingestion by the Cape anchovy Engraulis capensis

James¹,

Findlay²

1989

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

102

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“…A similarly rapid decrease in foraging efficiency over the same range of light intensities has been noted for other species of fish feeding on planktonic prey (e.g. Minnow Phoxinus phoxinus (Harden Jones 1956), Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch (Brett & Groot 1963), Threadfin Shad Dorosoma petenense (Holanov & Tash 1978), Bream Abramis brama (Townsend & Risebrow 1982), Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii and Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma (Henderson & Northcote 1985) and Herring Clupea harengus (Batty, Blaxter & Richard 1990)). The same phenomenon has also been documented for the piscivorous Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides (McMahon & Holanov 1995), even though it is feeding on much larger prey items.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The costs of becoming nocturnal: feeding efficiency in relation to light intensity in juvenile Atlantic Salmon

1997

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1. Most animals are active by day or by night, but not both; juvenile salmonids are unusual in that they switch from being predominantly diurnal for most of the year to being nocturnal in winter. They are visual foragers, and adaptations for high visual acuity at daytime light intensities are generally incompatible with sensitive night vision. Here we test whether juvenile Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar are able to maintain their efficiency of prey capture when switching between diurnal and nocturnal foraging. 2. By testing the ability of the fish to acquire drifting food items under a range of manipulated light intensities, we show that the foraging efficiency of juvenile salmon is high at light intensities down to those equivalent to dawn or dusk, but drops markedly at lower levels of illumination: even under the best night condition (full moon and clear sky), the feeding efficiency is only 35% of their diurnal efficiency, and fish will usually be feeding at less than 10% (whenever the moon is not full, skies are overcast or when in the shade of bankside trees). Fish were unable to feed on drifting prey when in complete darkness. 3. The ability of juvenile salmon to detect prey under different light intensities is similar to that of other planktivorous or drift‐feeding species of fish; they thus appear to have no special adaptations for nocturnal foraging. 4. While winter drift abundance is slightly higher by night than by day, the difference is not enough to compensate for the loss in foraging efficiency. We suggest that juvenile salmon can nonetheless switch to nocturnal foraging in winter because their food requirements are low, many individuals adopting a strategy in which intake is suppressed to the minimum that ensures survival.

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“…As shad grow, their foraging strategies change from visual feeding, focusing almost exclusively on zooplankton, to a more variable diet of zooplankton, phytoplankton, and detritus (Haskell 1959, Gerdes and McConnell 1963, Baker and Schmitz 1971. When targeting zooplankton, they particulate-feed on larger taxa and filter-feed on smaller species (Brooks 1968, Holanov andTash 1978). This ability to use gill rakers to filter smaller plankton species is likely the principal mechanism by which shad decimate zooplankton communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Fish Diets and Food Web Mercury Bioaccumulation Induced by an Invasive Planktivorous Fish

Eagles‐Smith

Suchanek

Colwell

et al. 2008

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. The invasion, boom, collapse, and reestablishment of a population of the planktivorous threadfin shad in Clear Lake, California, USA, were documented over a 20-year period, as were the effects of changing shad populations on diet and mercury (Hg) bioaccumulation in nearshore fishes. Threadfin shad competitively displaced other planktivorous fish in the lake, such as inland silversides, young-of-year (YOY) largemouth bass, and YOY bluegill, by reducing zooplankton abundance. As a result, all three species shifted from a diet that was dominated by zooplankton to one that was almost entirely zoobenthos. Stable carbon isotopes corroborated this pattern with each species becoming enriched in d 13 C, which is elevated in benthic vs. pelagic organisms. Concomitant with these changes, Hg concentrations increased by ;50% in all three species. In contrast, obligate benthivores such as prickly sculpin showed no relationship between diet or d 13 C and the presence of threadfin shad, suggesting that effects of the shad were not strongly linked to the benthic fish community. There were also no changes in Hg concentrations of prickly sculpin. The temporary extirpation of threadfin shad from the lake resulted in zooplankton densities, foraging patterns, isotope ratios, and Hg concentrations in pelagic fishes returning to pre-shad values. These results indicate that even transient perturbations of the structure of freshwater food webs can result in significant alterations in the bioaccumulation of Hg and that food webs in lakes can be highly resilient.

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Particulate and filter feeding in threadfin shad, Dorosoma petenense, at different light intensities

Cited by 49 publications

References 7 publications

Effect of particle size and concentration on feeding behaviour, selectivity and rates of food ingestion by the Cape anchovy Engraulis capensis

Effect of particle size and concentration on feeding behaviour, selectivity and rates of food ingestion by the Cape anchovy Engraulis capensis

The costs of becoming nocturnal: feeding efficiency in relation to light intensity in juvenile Atlantic Salmon

Changes in Fish Diets and Food Web Mercury Bioaccumulation Induced by an Invasive Planktivorous Fish

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