Effect of particle size and concentration on feeding behaviour, selectivity and rates of food ingestion by the Cape anchovy Engraulis capensis

James, A. G.; Findlay, Ken P.

doi:10.3354/meps050275

Cited by 102 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The results presented here differ from those determined for Engraulis capensis, a species which is also capable of both filter-feeding and particulate-feeding (James & Findlay 1989). Filter-feeding by anchovy was shown to be energetically more expensive than particulate-feeding, leading James & Probyn (1989) to hypothesise that the change in body shape and increased resultant drag associated with flared operculae during filter-feeding was responsible for increased metabolic costs.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…The trophodynamics of Engraulis capensis are well documented (James 1987, James & Findlay 1989, James & Probyn 1989, James et al 1989b, and carbon and nitrogen budgets for this species have been constructed (James et al 1989a). The calculated maintenance ration derived from these budgets has been compared with yearly estimates of mesozooplankton biomass and production on fish spawning grounds during the peak spawning period in order to assess the probability of successful spawning by anchovy in a potentially food-limiting environment (Peterson et al 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pilchard feed primarily upon phytoplankton (Davies 1957, King & Macleod 1976) and microzooplankton (van der Lingen 1994) and are essentially nonselective filter-feeders (van der Lingen 1994). Anchovy are predominantly particulate-feeders (James & Findlay 1989), with mesozooplankton such as copepods and euphausiids comprising their major dietary component (James 1987). Round herring feed exclusively on zooplankton (Wallace-Fincham 1987), presumably through particulate-feeding only (James 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Respiration rate of adult pilchard Sardinops sagax in relation to temperature, voluntary swimming speed and feeding behaviour

Lingen¹

1995

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Laboratory experiments investigated the effect of temperature, voluntary swimming speed and feeding behaviour on the respiration rate of adult pilchard Sardinops sagax. Mean routine respiration was 0.178 i 0.055 mg O2 g-' wet wt h-' Respiration rate increased exponentially with temperature, and the mean QIo over the temperature range 10 to 22OC was 1.82 * 0.35. Significant linear relationships were established between respiration rate and voluntary swimming speed for non-feeding, filter-feeding and particulate-feeding activities. Particulate-feedlng was the most energetically expensive activity state. Swimming speed was the primary determinant of respiration rate when filterfeeding, whereas swimming speed and feedlng intens~ty were equally important in determining respiration rate when particulate-feeding. That filter-feeding is energetically cheaper than particulate-feeding for this species supports previous work suggesting that pilchard IS primarily a f~lter-feeder. Results presented here contrast with those for Cape anchovy Engrauljs capensis, a species for which filterfeeding is energetically more expensive than particulate-feeding. Possible reasons for this difference are discussed. Calculation of a mean RQ (respiratory quotient) of 0.955 * 0.099 for pilchard indicates that this species catabolises both protein and carbohydrate.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Respiration rate of adult pilchard Sardinops sagax in relation to temperature, voluntary swimming speed and feeding behaviour

Lingen¹

1995

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Sardine are thus clearly omnivorous, and the relative dietary importance of phytoplankton and zooplankton is likely to vary both spatially and temporally. Compared to Cape anchovy, which cannot capture food particles smaller than 200 pm (James & Findlay 1989), sardine can entrap particles of down to 17 pm (van der Lingen 1994), and are therefore better able to utilize phytoplankton blooms when they encounter them. Although both species have similar absorption efficiencies for phytoplankton, this difference in small particle capture efficiency means that phytoplankton are likely to be more significant in the diet of sardine than in that of Cape anchovy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen excretion and absorption efficiencies of sardine Sardinops sagax fed phytoplankton and zooplankton diets

Lingen¹

1998

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Laboratory experiments to measure nitrogen excretion rates and estimate absorption efficiencies were conducted on adult sardine Sardinops sagax fed phytoplankton and zooplankton diets.Sardine are predominantly ammoniotelic, with an endogenous total nitrogen excretion rate of 28.11 + 1.90 pg N g-' DBM (dry body mass) h-'. Neither fish size nor temperature had a significant effect on endogenous excretion rates Peak post-feeding exogenous nltrogen excretion rates were 3.5 to 10 times higher than endogenous rates, were linearly related to nitrogen ration, and occurred within 3 h of the ingestion of food. Absorption of a meal was rapid; 50%) of the exogenous nitrogen was excreted by 2.2 t 1.0 h and 90% by 7.4 i 3.6 h Faeces elim~nation was exponential and dependent on food type; phytoplclnkton was eliminated faster than zooplankton. Elimination of the meal was much slower than the excretion of dissolved nitrogen, requjring 13.0 i 4.1 h for 50":) elimination and 50.8 + 8.3 h for 90% elimination. Faeces C . N ratios decreased over time for fish fed phytoplankton, but increased when zooplankton was the food. A constant portion of the ingested and absorbed n~trogen was excreted (69.8 * 11.1 and 74.4 2 12.1% respectively), and it is estimated that adult sardine require an absorbed daily maintenance ration of 2.64 mg N g ' DBM d-' Sardine are omnivorous, but have higher absorption efficiencies when fed zooplankton (77.6, 88.2 and 93.3% for dry mass, carbon and nitrogen respectively) than when fed phytoplankton (42.6, 62.6 and 78.7 %) That Sardinops sagaxis able to better utilize zooplankton than phytoplankton suggests that this species derives inore of its nutritional requirements from carnivory than from herbivory.

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“…Sardines possess a particularly fine-meshed filtering apparatus in their gillrakers allowing for the filtering of smaller-sized particles. Anchovy, on the other hand, are more specialized and efficient at feeding on larger-sized particles (James and Findlay, 1989;Van der Lingen, 1994). The result of these adaptations, at least in the Benguelan populations, is that anchovy seem to have higher clearance rates (per weight) than sardine when particle size is greater than about 500-600 µm (Van der Lingen, 1994).…”

Section: Functional Groups and Dynamics Of Ebcssmentioning

confidence: 94%

Trophic modeling of Eastern Boundary Current Systems: a review and prospectus for solving the “Peruvian Puzzle”

Taylor

Wolff

2007

Rev peru biol

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Eastern Boundary Current systems (EBCSs) are among the most productive fishing areas in the world. High primary and secondary productivity supports a large biomass of small planktivorous pelagic fish, “small pelagics”, which are important drivers of production to the entire system whereby they can influence both higher and lower trophic levels. Environmental variability causes changes in plankton (food) quality and quantity, which can affect population sizes, distribution and domi-nance among small pelagics. This variability combined with impacts from the fishery complicate the development of management strategies. Consequently, much recent work has been in the development of multispecies trophic models to better understand interdependencies and system dynamics. Despite similarities in extent, structure and primary productivity between EBCSs, the Peruvian system greatly differs from the others in the magnitude of fish catches, due mainly to the incredible production of the anchovy Engraulis ringens. This paper reviews literature concerning EBCSs dynamics and the state-of-the-art in the trophic modeling of EBCSs. The objective is to critically analyze the potential of this approach for system understanding and management and to adapt existing steady-state models of the Peruvian system for use in (future) dynamic simulations. A guideline for the construction of trophodynamic models is presented taking into account the important trophic and environmental interactions. In consideration of the importance of small pelagics for the system dynamics, emphasis is placed on developing appropriate model compartmentalization and spatial delineation that facilitates dynamic simulations. Methods of model validation to historical changes are presented to support hypotheses concerning EBCS dynamics and as a critical step to the development of predictive models. Finally, the identification of direct model links to easily obtainable abiotic parameters is emphasized to add practicality to the model as a predictive tool.

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Effect of particle size and concentration on feeding behaviour, selectivity and rates of food ingestion by the Cape anchovy Engraulis capensis

Cited by 102 publications

References 22 publications

Respiration rate of adult pilchard Sardinops sagax in relation to temperature, voluntary swimming speed and feeding behaviour

Respiration rate of adult pilchard Sardinops sagax in relation to temperature, voluntary swimming speed and feeding behaviour

Nitrogen excretion and absorption efficiencies of sardine Sardinops sagax fed phytoplankton and zooplankton diets

Trophic modeling of Eastern Boundary Current Systems: a review and prospectus for solving the “Peruvian Puzzle”

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