Particle Size Distribution Measurements of Neat and Water-Emulsified Oxymethylene Ethers in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine

Dworschak, Patrick; Berger, Vinicius; Härtl, Martin; Wachtmeister, Georg

doi:10.4271/04-13-02-0012

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Several authors reported the presence of increased particulate number in combination with smaller particulate size. [46][47][48] Similar results with varying degrees of soot reduction were reported for investigations on different chain lengths, both for blends (OME 1 , 50 OME 2 , 46,51,52 OME 2-4 , 45,46 ). An investigation of neat OME 2 to OME 5 in combination with a water injection revealed a decrease in NO x , maximum cylinder pressure, and the rate of heat release, along with an increase in CO 2 and combustion duration.…”

Section: Pilot-ignited Lean-premixed Natural Gas Enginessupporting

confidence: 82%

Optical study on a heavy-duty natural gas dual-fuel engine applying POMDME as pilot fuel

Mühlthaler,

Prager,

Jaensch

2024

International Journal of Engine Research

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In this study, a fully optically accessible single-cylinder research engine is the basis for the visualization and generation of extensive knowledge about the in-cylinder processes of mixture formation, ignition, and combustion of alternative fuels for the dual-fuel combustion process. POMDME substitutes the fossil pilot fuel as a drop-in, non-sooting alternative to widely eliminate the NOx-PM tradeoff. Furthermore, an optimized ignition behavior, increased degrees of freedom in combustion phasing, and the pilot’s energy content are expected. The flame luminosity transmitted via an optical piston was split in the optical path to record the natural flame luminosity simultaneously with an RGB high-speed camera. The second channel consisted of OH chemiluminescence recording, isolated by a bandpass filter via an intensified monochrome high-speed camera. To investigate the combustion process spectrally, spatially, and temporally resolved in more detail, selected operating points were re-recorded via a high-speed imaging spectrograph. POMDME is benchmarked against regular diesel oil, according to EN590. Synthetic natural gas is applied as the primary gaseous fuel. Experimental sweeps along the overall pilot’s energy content (2%, 5%, 10%), injection pressure (500–1600 bar), and start of energizing (5–55 CAD bFTDC) are carried out. The given conditions result in decreased liquid-penetration length between 25% and 30% for the oxygenate, larger for earlier SOE and higher dilution. The lift-off length is nearer the liquid penetration length, increasing for higher rail pressures. The light-based ignition delay for EN590 is enlarged by 0.8 CAD after adding methane, while the oxygenate is not visibly retarded. Without methane, the oxygenate preceded EN590 by 0.6 CAD. The temporal and spatial position and extent of premixed, diffusive, and OH*, change significantly. RCCI operation at practically relevant 18.4 bar IMEP is demonstrated, highlighting the influence of the start of energizing variation with 51% decreased burn duration in the first half of combustion.

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Section: Pilot-ignited Lean-premixed Natural Gas Enginessupporting

confidence: 82%

Optical study on a heavy-duty natural gas dual-fuel engine applying POMDME as pilot fuel

Mühlthaler,

Prager,

Jaensch

2024

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…They therefore assumed that the measured particles in this range were solid in nature, although the particle measurement device did not include a volatile particle remover. Dworschak et al compared the PSD of neat OME 3 , OME 4 and OME 5 30 as well as a mix of OME 2-6 31 to the PSD of HVO as a diesel reference fuel. The sampling system used in these studies contained an evaporation tube for volatile particle removal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle emissions of a heavy-duty engine fueled with polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OME)

Gelner

Rothe²,

Kykal³

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci.: Atmos.

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“…Oxymethylene ethers (OME) with the structural formula CH 3 -O(-CH 2 -O) n -CH 3 have been extensively discussed as a replacement for diesel fuel in the recent past: the main advantage of pure OME in diesel engines is a significant reduction of particle number and soot. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] This is based on the absence of C-C bonds within the molecular structure, which suppresses the formation of soot precursors such as acetylene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and therefore the formation of particulate matter in combustion. 9,10 In addition, the molecularly bound oxygen reduces the formation of locally fuel-rich zones in the combustion chamber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of strategies to optimize engine efficiency and NOx emissions with the synthetic diesel fuel oxymethylene ether

Pöllmann

Härtl

Jaensch

et al. 2023

International Journal of Engine Research

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The use of CO2-neutral synthetic fuels in internal combustion engines contributes to achieving climate targets. Since their combustion is still associated with pollutant emissions, current research is focusing on minimizing harmful emissions, as well as on improving the efficiency of the combustion. The soot-free combustion of the synthetic diesel fuel oxymethylene ether (OME) opens up new scopes for reducing the remaining pollutants, particularly nitrogen oxides (NOX). Catalytic aftertreatment of NOX is costly and may lead to the generation of further emissions such as nitrous oxide, making it necessary to further investigate engine-internal approaches of NOX reduction. This work shows the influence of various in-engine measures on emissions and efficiency for OME and hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) as paraffinic diesel fuel, performed on a 1.75 l single-cylinder research engine. An injector variation was carried out for OME to compensate for the reduced lower heating value by a higher nozzle flow rate, which increases efficiency, but also NOX emissions. The examination of the measures of increasing exhaust gas recirculation, lowering rail pressure, Miller valve timing and high compression ratio shows a significant reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions in each case. At the same time, there is an improvement in indicated efficiency for Miller valve timing and high compression ratio, and with OME, in contrast to HVO, also by reducing the rail pressure. With HVO, each measure increases particulate number by up to several orders of magnitude. For OME, none of the measures resulted in a deterioration of the low particulate emissions, which allows an intensified application and combination of the measures. For example, the simultaneous application of higher compression, early intake closing and decreased injection pressure reduces nitrogen oxide emissions by more than two-thirds and improves efficiency by 5% without increasing particulate emissions.

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Particle Size Distribution Measurements of Neat and Water-Emulsified Oxymethylene Ethers in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Optical study on a heavy-duty natural gas dual-fuel engine applying POMDME as pilot fuel

Optical study on a heavy-duty natural gas dual-fuel engine applying POMDME as pilot fuel

Particle emissions of a heavy-duty engine fueled with polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OME)

Evaluation of strategies to optimize engine efficiency and NOx emissions with the synthetic diesel fuel oxymethylene ether

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