Particle size analysis

Barth, Howard G.; Sun, Shao Tang.; Nickol, Robyn M.

doi:10.1021/ac00139a009

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(1 reference statement)

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“…Determination of powdered pharmaceutical material particle size is important 1,2 since a material's particle size distribution exerts a significant effect on the physical properties of the bulk material. 3 As a consequence of this, particle size measurements are routinely performed on raw materials prior to commencement of pharmaceutical manufacture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the percentage volume particle size distribution of powdered microcrystalline cellulose using reflectance near-infrared spectroscopyElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Particle size and spectral data. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/an/b3/b307263k/

O’Neil

Jee

Moffat

2003

Analyst

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This is the first reported method for determining the percentage volume particle size distribution of a powder (microcrystalline cellulose) by near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy. A total of 113 samples of powdered microcrystalline cellulose were used from six different commercially available grades, with different moisture contents (range: 0.9-4.8% m/m). NIR reflectance measurements of these samples were made in narrow soda glass vials. Reference particle size data for the samples were acquired by laser diffraction. The NIR data were then calibrated to measure particle size by partial least squares regression. The effects of a range of different NIR data pre-treatments on calibration and prediction precision were investigated. Overall, simple absorbance data were found to produce regression models with the best predictive ability (root mean square error of prediction = 0.90%). The method was also found to be insensitive to moisture content.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the percentage volume particle size distribution of powdered microcrystalline cellulose using reflectance near-infrared spectroscopyElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Particle size and spectral data. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/an/b3/b307263k/

O’Neil

Jee

Moffat

2003

Analyst

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“…The measurement of particle size for pharmaceutical materials is important 1,2 because it influences bulk physical properties, 3 and determines the ability of powders to flow, mix, granulate and dissolve. It is also often a requirement in pharmaceutical manufacturing processes that particle size measurements are performed on raw materials.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of multiple linear regression to the measurement of the median particle size of drugs and pharmaceutical excipients by near-infrared spectroscopy

O’Neil

Jee²,

Moffat³

1998

Analyst

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A number of powdered drugs and pharmaceutical excipients were used to demonstrate the ability of near-infrared spectroscopy to measure median particle size (d50). Sieved fractions and bulk samples of aspirin, anhydrous caffeine, paracetamol, lactose monohydrate and microcrystalline cellulose were particle sized by forward angle laser light scattering (FALLS) and scanned by fibre-optic probe FT-NIR spectroscopy. Two-wavenumber multiple linear regression (MLR) calibrations were produced using: NIR reflectance; absorbance and Kubelka-Munk function data with each of median particle size, reciprocal median particle size and the logarithm of median particle size. Best calibrations were obtained using reflectance data versus the logarithm of median particle size (NIR predicted lnd50 versus ln(FALLS d50) for microcrystalline cellulose and lactose monohydrate sieve fraction calibrations: r = 0.99 in each case). Working calibrations for lactose monohydrate (median particle size range: 19.2-183 microns) and microcrystalline cellulose (median particle size range: 24-406 microns) were set-up using combinations of machine sieve-fractions and bulk samples. This approach was found to produce more robust calibrations than just the use of sieved fractions. The method has been compared with single wavenumber quadratic least squares regression using reflectance and mean-corrected reflectance data with median particle size. Correlation between NIR predicted and FALLS values was significantly better using the MLR method.

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Filtration in Particle Size Analysis

Droppo¹

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Filtration is defined as the separation of solid particles from a liquid or gas by passing the suspension through a porous, fibrous or granular substance. In science and industry, filtration is commonly used for the concentrating and/or removal of particulate matter or for the separation of particles into size classes for subsequent physical, chemical or biological analysis. Separation of particles into multiple size classes is often required for the assessment of particle size. There are many different types of filters available (e.g. fibrous, membrane, polycarbonate) for particle characterization through filtration. The type of filter to be used for particle size characterization is dependent on a number of considerations such as sample (particle) characteristics, collection efficiency, pore size and structure and analytical compatibility. Filtration has the advantage of being one of the few techniques which allow for the physical separation of particles into different size classes for distribution or chemical–biological analysis. If appropriate precautions are taken to minimize sample perturbations (e.g. select appropriate filter for the application, filter in the field, avoid overloading a filter, ensure a low flow rate and stir if possible), a reasonably accurate estimate of particle size can be obtained. Generally, errors associated with filtration arise from filter clogging and when attempting to characterize flocculated/aggregated particles. The basic nature of a suspended aggregate (i.e. fragile, plastic, high water content) means that it is likely to be broken up or created owing to the often tortuous nature of filtration, or be deformed on the surface or within the filter owing to pressure effects. This has implications if optical image analysis of the filter is to be used for particle size analysis as the true particle morphology and size will have been altered. In such an instance, if only a grain size distribution is required, it is suggested that optical image analysis be employed in conjunction with a plankton chamber settling technique rather than with filtration.

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Particle size analysis

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

Measurement of the percentage volume particle size distribution of powdered microcrystalline cellulose using reflectance near-infrared spectroscopyElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Particle size and spectral data. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/an/b3/b307263k/

Measurement of the percentage volume particle size distribution of powdered microcrystalline cellulose using reflectance near-infrared spectroscopyElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Particle size and spectral data. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/an/b3/b307263k/

The application of multiple linear regression to the measurement of the median particle size of drugs and pharmaceutical excipients by near-infrared spectroscopy

Filtration in Particle Size Analysis

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