Particle size analysis by an automated dynamometer method integrated with an x-y sample changer

Kaszubkiewicz, Jarosław; Papuga, Krzysztof; Kawałko, Dorota; Woźniczka, Przemysław

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2020.107680

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Other methods of determining particle size distribution used in soil science laboratories are for example the organoleptic method, the Atterberg Limits Test, photosedimentation Minerals 2021, 11, 465 2 of 10 methods, x-ray method, electrical sensing zone method (the Coulter principle), photon correlation spectroscopy [16], static and dynamic image analysis [17,18], as well as automated scanning electron microscopy [19]. New methods have also been developed, for example, the dynamometer method [20] and integral suspension pressure method (Pario) [21]. Lastly, there is the ever more widely used laser diffraction method (LDM) [22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Size Distribution of Various Soil Materials Measured by Laser Diffraction—The Problem of Reproducibility

et al. 2021

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Particle size distribution is an important soil parameter—therefore precise measurement of this characteristic is essential. The application of the widely used laser diffraction method for soil analysis continues to be a subject of debate. The precision of this method, proven on homogeneous samples, has been implicitly extended to soil analyses, but this has not been sufficiently well confirmed in the literature thus far. The aim of this study is to supplement the information available on the precision of the method in terms of reproducibility of soil measurement and whether the reproducibility of soil measurement is characterized by a normal distribution. To estimate the reproducibility of the laser diffraction method, thirteen various soil samples were characterized, and results were analysed statistically. The coefficient of variation acquired was lowest (3.44%) for silt and highest for sand (23.28%). Five of the thirteen tested samples were characterized by a normal distribution. The fraction content of eight samples was not characterized by normal distribution, but the extent of this phenomenon varied between soils. Although the laser diffraction method is repeatable, the measurement of soil particle size distribution can have limited reproducibility. The main cause seems to be small amounts of sand particles. The error can be amplified by the construction of the dispersion unit. Non-parametric statistical tests should be used by default for soil laser diffraction method analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Size Distribution of Various Soil Materials Measured by Laser Diffraction—The Problem of Reproducibility

et al. 2021

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“…Sediment bulk density, natural weighting moisture, and maximum molecular moisture capacity were determined using the Litvinov field laboratory [17]. The sediment sample mechanical components are based on particle size analysis using sieve, aerometric, and pipette methods [18,19]. To determine the mechanical composition of the cover sediments, the following fraction sizes were measured (in mm): coarse gravel 7-5, fine gravel 5-2; sand is very coarse 2-1, coarse 1-0.5, medium 0.5-0.25, fine 0.25-0.10, fine-grained 0.10-0.05, dust 0.05-0.005; clay < 0.005.…”

Section: Field Measurements Sampling and Laboratory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Experimental Study on the Infiltration and Clogging Processes at Aksu Research Site, Kazakhstan

Mirlas

Kulagin²,

Ismagulova

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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The challenge of a good quality drinking water supply to southeastern Kazakhstan’s local population from far-away natural surface water sources motivates groundwater utilization from local aquifers. To prevent groundwater resource deficits, artificial groundwater recharge is needed. To this end, infiltration and clogging processes were evaluated through comprehensive field research in southeastern Kazakhstan’s typical river drainage basin (Aksu experimental site). The infiltration scenario included constructed mini pools and their typical soil profile clogging and silting processes. The local aquifer unsaturated and upper saturated zones underwent a detailed study of water balance, hydrodynamic setting, and filtration properties. The research results suggest that the infiltration rate decreased from 15 m/day until the saturation steady state and remained at 0.75 m/day until the end of the experiment. In summer, clogging layers with thicknesses ranging from 3 mm for the clayey silt layer to 6 mm for muddy clay began to form at the mini pools nearly one month after the test began. During infiltration, the mini pools’ upper soil layer dirt-holding capacity varied from 3.72 to 5.25 kg/m2. The field study results serve as a factual basis for artificial replenishment system design and groundwater replenishment methodology optimization in southeastern Kazakhstan and similar regions.

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“…To overcome some limitations, several automated measuring instruments have been introduced: The “Sedimat” (Umwelt‐Geräte‐Technik GmbH, Müncheberg Germany) automatizes both, homogenization and the pipetting. Sedimentation scales (Kovács et al., 2004), distance ranging sensors (Murad et al., 2020), or dynamic weighting of a float (Kaszubkiewicz et al., 2020; Papuga et al, 2018) enable electronical reading of hydrometers. Alternatively, the hydrometric pressure of the suspension at a given depth can be measured directly (Durner et al., 2017; Kovács et al., 2004; Zhang & Tumay, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased accuracy and precision of hydrometric soil texture measurements (“Pario classic method”) with semi‐empiric correction functions#

Mátra

Heil

Kovács

et al. 2022

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Background Though soil texture is one of the most basic soil characteristics its quantification needs still laborious procedures. A commercially available, efficient approach has been introduced as Pario classic method where silt and clay fractions are calculated by inverse fitting of transducer‐measured suspension pressure curves to modeled Stokes’ law of sedimentation. However, comparison of Pario‐measured textures of 64 samples with Köhn method revealed unsatisfactory bias and random error of fractions except for medium silt. Aims The goal of our study was to improve precision and accuracy of Pario classic measurements by multiple linear regression models using regressors that were anyway available in the measurement procedure. Methods For the model we included two groups of regressors: (1) Pario‐estimated clay, fine, medium, and coarse silt fractions to cover measurement data and dependencies between fractions; (2) parameters assessed during sample preparation including residual moisture of the air‐dried sample (ϴres), soil‐organic carbon (SOC), and pH‐value. The choice of regressors has been optimized according to the Aikaike Information Criterion (AIC). Results The final models yielded unbiased estimations and strongly reduced root‐mean square errors below 5 mass‐%. In case of clay and coarse silt, the intrinsic Pario estimated clay and coarse silt contributed strongest to the prediction, but all fractions of the Pario method have been included in the models. The most important external regressor was the residual moisture. It contributed positively to the clay model and negatively to the silt models as expected because it is a known proxy of clay content. Conclusions The suggested semi‐empirical correction allows to benefit from the efficient Pario classic method without loss of data quality. We suggest considering ϴres as a standard parameter in soil analysis to improve the quality of texture estimations.

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Particle size analysis by an automated dynamometer method integrated with an x-y sample changer

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Particle Size Distribution of Various Soil Materials Measured by Laser Diffraction—The Problem of Reproducibility

Particle Size Distribution of Various Soil Materials Measured by Laser Diffraction—The Problem of Reproducibility

Field Experimental Study on the Infiltration and Clogging Processes at Aksu Research Site, Kazakhstan

Increased accuracy and precision of hydrometric soil texture measurements (“Pario classic method”) with semi‐empiric correction functions#

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