Particle release from refit operations in shipyards: Exposure, toxicity and environmental implications

Strategies for Green Shipbuilding Design and Production Practices Focused on Reducing Microplastic Pollution Generated during Installation of Plastic Pipes

“…This approach could ultimately prevail, which will also improve the ecological aspect of ship production. This has also been investigated in a work by López et al [46], where particle emissions were measured in shipyards and in workshops during ship maintenance activities, and a greater degree of particle pollution was observed on the ship. It has been stressed that although cleaning is conducted on the ship, deposited dust has the potential to reach surface waters, and that needs to be further studied.…”

“…Human health and working conditions are also important factors, which would be improved with a such transition. In the work of [46], it has also been noted that protective strategies, such as exhaust ventilation, dust removal, and personal protective equipment, have been implemented, but it was indicated that worker exposure to particle emissions cannot be avoided at all times. Therefore, the allocation of activities that generate pollution particles to workhouses can enable the usage of more advanced protective measures, and workers' protection can be improved.…”

In Vitro Toxicity of Industrially Relevant Engineered Nanoparticles in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells: Air–Liquid Interface versus Submerged Cultures

“…[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. This has also been observed in other industrial sectors [16]. Inhalation is considered a major route of exposure to NP in occupational settings, though dermal contact and ingestion are also likely to occur [17,18].…”

Quantitative Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution Sources, Influencing Factors, and Delineation of Pollution Risk Areas in Industrial Soil: A Combined Application of Receptor Models and GeoDetector

“…39 Cu and Pb are primarily found in the steel structure manufacturing workshop, ship hull block workshop, and container stacking area. These activities, such as steel structure manufacturing, grinding, and painting, generate abundant metal oxides and welding dust, 3 and the HMs, like Cu, Pb, Cr and Ni, in the antifouling paint 4,7 further enrich HMs in the surrounding soil. 40 Hence, source 1 likely represents the Cu and Pb pollution coming from the steel structure manufacturing and ship hull block preinstallation at the site.…”

“…The shipyard, characterized as a resource-intensive and material-intensive industry, involves long production cycles and complex processes . The dispersion and leakage of antifouling paint from ship surfaces, along with metal dust generated during surface treatment and steel processing, − frequently result in severe heavy metal (HM) pollution in the nearby environment. − Nonetheless, extant research on environmental pollution around shipyards predominantly concentrates on pollution in offshore areas or volatile organic compounds produced by paintwork, − with less attention paid to the environmental pollution within shipyards. The complex production flow within the shipyard exposes the soil environment to a variety of production activities, which potentially impedes the sustainable development of the site, while posing threats to the health of the worker and the ecological security of the surrounding environment.…”