“…Trace doping with rare earth elements has been confirmed to be the most effective way to influence the induced tetragonality of the matrix and it greatly enhances the magnetostriction of the Fe-Ga alloys11. Secondly, a body of work has been performed to optimize the mechanical properties of Fe-Ga through addition of the third elements such as B, C, Al, V, Cr, Mo, Mn and Nb13161718223031, or refractory carbide precipitates such as X–C (X = Zr, Nb, Ta, Mo)3233343536. As a result, effective improvements of mechanical properties have been obtained by means of the alloy additions or the formation of carbide precipitates, but there is no significant improvement of the magnetostriction.…”