Particle Emissions of Material-Extrusion-Type Desktop 3D Printing: the Effects of Infill

3D-Printed Lab-on-a-Chip Diagnostic Systems-Developing a Safe-by-Design Manufacturing Approach

“…Moreover, along with an increase of infill, print time is also increased, leading to an overall lengthier printing process, affecting the timeframe within emissions occur accordingly. As demonstrated in [73], higher infill is expected to beneficially affect emission potential within a low infill density range (10-30%), reducing peak emission values. Additionally, lower emitting infill patterns such as linear infill can be utilized, at the expense of achieved strength, while additionally, for reduction of the peak emission magnitude resulting from the bridging layer, the 1st top layer can be adjusted to display a lower feed rate, as seen in [73].…”

“…This is a parameter that is highly likely to be adjusted in 3D printing processes according to the application requirements, as it heavily influences filament material used, print time, printed object weight and mechanical properties such as Young's modulus [72]. Cheng et al [73] used ABS filaments to print several object shapes and investigate the emission impact of modifications on infill density, pattern and height. The authors report that the widely used hexagonal infill pattern results in comparatively high emissions and suggest using the linear pattern as a solution that offers a combination of satisfactory results in terms of print time and emission potential, while being easily available in slicing software.…”

“…Combination of the optimal density and feed rate settings resulted in a 96% reduction of the peak emission value. A suggestion is also made to schedule operation of used particle filtering devices according to the expected peak emission time frames, in order to reduce energy requirements and cost [73].…”

3D Printed Lab-on-a-Chip Diagnostic Systems - Developing a Safe-by-Design Manufacturing Approach

“…Moreover, along with an increase of infill, print time is also increased, leading to an overall lengthier printing process, affecting the timeframe within emissions occur accordingly. As demonstrated in [73], higher infill is expected to beneficially affect emission potential within a low infill density range (10-30%), reducing peak emission values. Additionally, lower emitting infill patterns such as linear infill can be utilized, at the expense of achieved strength, while additionally, for reduction of the peak emission magnitude resulting from the bridging layer, the 1 st top layer can be adjusted to display a lower feed rate, as seen in [73].…”

“…As demonstrated in [73], higher infill is expected to beneficially affect emission potential within a low infill density range (10-30%), reducing peak emission values. Additionally, lower emitting infill patterns such as linear infill can be utilized, at the expense of achieved strength, while additionally, for reduction of the peak emission magnitude resulting from the bridging layer, the 1 st top layer can be adjusted to display a lower feed rate, as seen in [73]. This is a feature that is present in advanced slicer software and may be useful in reducing emissions.…”