Particle Emissions from SI-Engines During Steady State and Transient Operating Conditions

Kasper, A.; Burtscher, H.; Johnson, Jennifer L.; Kittelson, David B.; Watts, Winthrop F.; Baltensperger, Urs; Weingärtner, E.

doi:10.4271/2005-01-3136

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Higher accumulation mode concentrations are consistent with higher mass emissions that were expected during a cold-cold start test. The hot start emissions were much lower and, based upon the CPC data, decreased from test to test (Kasper et al, 2004); this is reasonable since the engine and exhaust system would be warmer for each subsequent test.…”

Section: Chassis Dynamometer Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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On-road and laboratory evaluation of combustion aerosols—Part 2:

Kittelson

Watts

Johnson

et al. 2006

Journal of Aerosol Science

122

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Section: Chassis Dynamometer Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Results from these instruments are reported elsewhere (Kasper et al, 2004). A variety of ambient and exhaust gas analyzers were also used throughout the project.…”

Section: Emissions Laboratory and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-road and laboratory evaluation of combustion aerosols—Part 2:

Kittelson

Watts

Johnson

et al. 2006

Journal of Aerosol Science

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Various tests have already been carried out on vehicles with different types of engine. − Generally, it is found that particles are generated during acceleration and cold start in a drive cycle. For port fuel injection gasoline vehicles, after catalyst light-off, particle emissions diminished to near negligible levels at moderate cruise speeds and during deceleration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Catalytic Volatile Particle Remover (VPR) on the Particulate Matter Emissions from a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine

Stone

2011

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Emissions of fine particles have been shown to have a large impact on the atmospheric environment and human health. Researchers have shown that gasoline engines, especially direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engines, tend to emit large amounts of small size particles compared to diesel engines fitted with diesel particulate filters (DPFs). As a result, the particle number emissions of DISI engines will be restricted by the forthcoming EU6 legislation. The particulate emission level of DISI engines means that they could face some challenges in meeting the EU6 requirement. This paper is an experimental study on the size-resolved particle number emissions from a spray guided DISI engine and the performance of a catalytic volatile particle remover (VPR), as the EU legislation seeks to exclude volatile particles. The performance of the catalytic VPR was evaluated by varying its temperature and the exhaust residence time. The effect of the catalytic VPR acting as an oxidation catalyst on particle emissions was also tested. The results show that the catalytic VPR led to a marked reduction in the number of particles, especially the smaller size (nucleation mode) particles. The catalytic VPR is essentially an oxidation catalyst, and when post three-way catalyst (TWC) exhaust was introduced to the catalytic VPR, the performance of the catalytic VPR was not affected much by the use of additional air, i.e., no significant oxidation of the PM was observed.

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“…from gasoline engines are primarily in the 7-to 55-nm range during cold start (13). Now widely accepted, the low concentration of larger solid particles favors the formation of nuclei mode (diameter < 30 nm) particles (14) because of the small surface area available for gas-toparticle condensation. Also, many studies have focused more on diesel engines because they traditionally have had higher emissions rates, but diesel vehicles have lower cold-start emissions than gasoline vehicles (15,16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Number and Size Distribution of Emissions during Light-Duty Vehicle Cold Start

Robinson

Sentoff

Holmén

2010

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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Vehicle emissions during cold start are known to be significantly higher than after optimal vehicle operating temperatures are reached. There are limited data, however, on particle number and size distributions during cold start. Cold-start tailpipe emissions from a 1999 Toyota Sienna minivan were quantified at ambient temperatures between 20°C and 37°C using a novel system, the total onboard tailpipe emissions measurement system (TOTEMS), assembled to quantify the full suite of exhaust emissions from light-duty vehicles. TOTEMS particle number distributions were measured from 5.6 to 562 nm using an engine exhaust particle sizer (EEPS) and total 3- to 3,000-nm particle counts were measured using an ultrafine condensation particle counter (UCPC) with 1-s temporal resolution during cold start and warm-up driving. Second-by-second particle number distributions from five cold-start emissions tests showed similar particle emissions patterns, allowing for three different cold-start phases to be identified based on particle number emissions behavior. Cold-start duration ranged from 165 to 230 s and increased with decreasing ambient temperature. Different particle sizes during each phase were emitted for different lengths of time, with the most abundant particles in the nanoparticle (diameter <50 nm) range. The mean particle number distributions showed more than 99% of total particle number below 100 nm. Concentrations of ultrafine particles (<100 nm) during cold start were at least 10 to 100 times (EEPS), and as much as 1,000 times (UCPC), above hot-stabilized idle emissions. Observations also suggest the presence of tiny particles below 6 nm during cold start.

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Particle Emissions from SI-Engines During Steady State and Transient Operating Conditions

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

On-road and laboratory evaluation of combustion aerosols—Part 2:

On-road and laboratory evaluation of combustion aerosols—Part 2:

Effects of a Catalytic Volatile Particle Remover (VPR) on the Particulate Matter Emissions from a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine

Particle Number and Size Distribution of Emissions during Light-Duty Vehicle Cold Start

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