Particle Capture from Low-Speed Laminar Flows

Spielman, Lloyd A.

doi:10.1146/annurev.fl.09.010177.001501

Cited by 197 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In this case, the clearance rate reads: (11) where a is the radius of the prey and where the approximate equality is valid when the prey is small in comparison with the predator (Spielman 1977, Kiørboe & Titelman 1998. The clearance rate of the flagellate can be obtained numerically by computing the streamlines of the flow as illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Feeding On Passive Particulate Preymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fenchel (1984) and Shimeta & Jumars (1991) computed the clearance rate for a spherical collector assuming that the flow velocity is constant everywhere within the annulus and equal to the swimming velocity of the flagellate, thus ignoring the no-slip condition at the cell surface. Other assessments have assumed low Reynolds number flow around a translating sphere moved by a body force (sinking sphere) (Spielman 1977, Fenchel 1982, Kiørboe & Titelman 1998, leading to clearance rates that not only differ in magnitude (they are smaller) from those of the above scenario but also in how they scale with sizes of prey and predator cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Significance of swimming and feeding currents for nutrient uptake in osmotrophic and interception feeding flagellates

Langlois¹,

Andersen²,

Bohr³

et al. 2009

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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We introduce 2 simple models for the flow generated by a self-propelled flagellate: a sphere propelled by a cylindrical flagellum and one propelled by an external point force. We use these models to examine the role of advection in enhancing feeding rates in 3 situations: (1) osmotroph feeding on dissolved molecules, (2) interception feeding on non-motile prey particles, and (3) interception feeding on motile prey (such as bacteria). We show that the Sherwood number is close to unity for osmotrophic flagellates, as suggested by most previous models. However, a more correct representation of the flow field than that predicted by a naive sinking sphere model leads to substantially higher clearance rates for interception-feeding flagellates. We find that a short flagellum is favourable for interception feeding, but at the cost of an increase in the drag on the body of the swimming unicell. We finally demonstrate that prey motility significantly enhances prey encounter rates in interception-feeding flagellates and is, in fact, often much more important for food acquisition than the feeding current.

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Section: Feeding On Passive Particulate Preymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of swimming and feeding currents for nutrient uptake in osmotrophic and interception feeding flagellates

Langlois¹,

Andersen²,

Bohr³

et al. 2009

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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“…For a more complete review, please see Rubenstein and Koehl (1977), Spielman (1977), Shimeta and Jumars (1991). However, no analytical solutions exist for the intermediate range Re c ϭ 1-1,000, which is of high interest in aquatic systems.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of particle capture on a cylindrical collector: Implications for particle accumulation and removal in aquatic systems

Palmer

Nepf

Pettersson

et al. 2004

Limnology & Oceanography

129

232

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Capture of suspended particles by cylindrical collectors is an important mechanism in many aquatic processes, such as larval settlement, suspension feeding, and vegetative filtration. In these processes, the collector Reynolds number (Re c ), based on the collector diameter, ranges from well below 1 to 1,000. No analytical solutions exist to describe capture over most of this range. Capture is typically described by the efficiency, , defined as the ratio of the upstream span of particles that are captured on the collector to the collector diameter. Here, laboratory experiments are used to measure capture efficiency of a single cylinder as a function of Re c and particle ratio, R, which is the ratio of particle diameter to collector diameter. Re c is varied from 50 to 500 and three values of R are used: 0.03, 0.015, and 0.008. The selected particles have a specific gravity of 1.03. For smooth cylinders, capture increases with both Re c and R but is more strongly dependent on R. This result indicates that, in aquatic systems, where flow velocity and suspended particle type and size are fixed, higher capture efficiency will occur on the smallest collectors (those with largest R). Furthermore, we examine a similar experiment in which particles are collected by branched structures. We show that capture to individual cylindrical branches within a compound structure can be predicted by single-cylinder efficiencies. Finally, capture was increased when roughness elements were added to the collectors.

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“…fibronectin) may also be important. Here we model a 'sticky wall ' by assuming that all microspheres that come in contact with the wall adhere to it, and thus the concentration of microspheres at the wall is assumed to be zero (Spielman, 1977).…”

Section: Capture By Steric Hindrancementioning

confidence: 99%

The filtration characteristics of the aqueous outflow system

Johnson

Kamm

et al. 1990

Experimental Eye Research

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To determine the filtration characteristics of the aqueous outflow system, microspheres (0.18 pm-l.1 pm) were perfused through enucleated human and bovine eyes. The microspheres were smaller than morphologically determined flow dimensions, and yet a significant fraction of all sizes of microspheres were captured. The bovine (calf) aqueous outflow system was found to be a far more efficient filter than was the human outflow system.Combining the experimental results with morphological observations and theoretical calculations leads to the conclusion that 'sticky wall' interactions are responsible for much of the microsphere capture, and that the site of filtration may be distinct from the site of flow resistance. Consequently, the dimension of the sites generating flow resistance cannot be determined from filtration studies.

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Particle Capture from Low-Speed Laminar Flows

Cited by 197 publications

References 32 publications

Significance of swimming and feeding currents for nutrient uptake in osmotrophic and interception feeding flagellates

Significance of swimming and feeding currents for nutrient uptake in osmotrophic and interception feeding flagellates

Observations of particle capture on a cylindrical collector: Implications for particle accumulation and removal in aquatic systems

The filtration characteristics of the aqueous outflow system

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