Particle attrition mechanisms, their characterisation, and application to horizontal lean phase pneumatic conveying systems: A review

Abstract

Understanding particle attrition is vital to the optimisation of a wide range of industrial processes. Lean phase pneumatic conveying is one such process, whereby the high energy particle impacts can cause undesirable loss in product quality or change in bulk behaviour. The attrition process is resolved into a material function and a process function; the combination of these functions dictate the attrition mechanism present, and the magnitude of failure observed. Subsequently, the forces applied to the particles are examined within the context of lean phase pneumatic conveying. Finally, empirical and numerical models are reviewed along with comments on experimental method. To summarise some of the findings of this review: the requirement of standardised test equipment is recognised in order to compare the wide variety of particulate materials under comparable loading conditions; stronger correlation between the results obtained from different particle attrition test methods is required; and finally, seldom are the manufacturing conditions (where applicable) linked to the particulate attrition behaviour.

Breakage of infant milk formula through three different processing methods and its influence on powder properties

“…Meanwhile, for this device, the D 10 size always experienced a larger decrease than the D 50 and D 90 (P<0.05), which means all particles were broken with the production of more fine particles. The breakage during mixing and pneumatic conveying is typically associated with high-magnitude loading conditions, where the stresses applied to the particle exceed the particle strength and generate free surface area (Kotzur et al, 2018). On the contrary for the Forberg blender, the D 10 , D 50 and D 90 of FB15 and FB30 were slightly increased compared to their control sample.…”

Coupling of abrasion attrition theory with mechanical characteristics for particle attrition in a fluidized bed reactor

“…As stated above, the modeling of the experimental cumulative mass loss by Gwyn's model is poor and is needed to further improve and perfect. The particle attrition is highly correlated with its physical–mechanical properties 24 . Hence, regardless of the degree of attrition of particles under collision, the analysis can be carried out in terms of dependence on particle size and impact rate.…”

“…The particle attrition is highly correlated with its physical-mechanical properties. 24 Hence, regardless of the degree of attrition of particles under collision, the analysis can be carried out in terms of dependence on particle size and impact rate. Ghadiri deemed that the attrition propensity can provide a good explanation for this relationship.…”

Coupling of Contact Nucleation Kinetics with Breakage Model for Crystallization of Sodium Chloride Crystal in Fluidized Bed Crystallizer

“…To simply this research, the crack depth is approximately equal to the length of crack (h ≈ a). Substituting equations (15) and (16) into equation (10), the fractional loss per collision can be given by the following equation:…”

“…With the increasing collision rate, the kinetic energy increases and hence is more likely to exceed the inherent strength of the crystal. Particle strength is the minimum amount of stress that may be applied to a particle to cause macroscopic Journal of Chemistry damage to the particle structure [16]. It has been generally found that crystals can break at certain impact energies through the propagation of meridional cracks, producing a number of large fragments.…”