Participation of Ribosomes in the Biosynthesis of Gramicidins and Tyrocidines<sup>*</sup>

Bodley, James W.; Uemura, Isamu; Adiga, P. Radhakantha; Okuda, Kiyoshi; Winnick, Theodore

doi:10.1021/bi00898a018

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Studies on the biosynthesis of gramicidins and tyrocidines in cell-free systems prepared from the Dubos BG strain of B. brevis (Uemura et al 1963;Okuda et al 1964a,b;Bodley, Uemura, Okuda, Adiga & Winnick, 1964) have recently been published. A considerable net synthesis of tyrocidines in 4hr.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biosynthesis of Gramicidin S in a Cell-Free System

Berg¹,

Frøholm²,

Laland³

1965

Biochemical Journal

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1. A cell-free system prepared from Bacillus brevis cells, harvested in the late phase of growth and consisting of the 11000g supernatant, has been shown to incorporate into gramicidin S the five constituent amino acids added in labelled form. The results are consistent with complete synthesis and not merely a completion of pre-existing intermediate peptides. 2. The incorporation of (14)C-labelled amino acids by the 11000g supernatant into gramicidin S requires an energy source. Omission of phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate kinase from the incubation mixture prevents incorporation into gramicidin S. The cell-free system incorporates [(14)C]-leucine, -proline and -phenylalanine over a period of 4hr. With [(14)C]leucine, incorporation into gramicidin S takes place in the range pH6-9 with maximum incorporation at pH7.0. High concentrations of chloramphenicol or puromycin decreased the incorporation into gramicidin S by only about 20%. 3. The 50000g supernatant exhibited no decrease in ability of incorporating [(14)C]valine into gramicidin S as compared with the 11000g supernatant. About 40% of the incorporating ability remained in the 105000g supernatant after 3hr. centrifugation. When recombining the 105000g sediment with the 105000g supernatant, some increase in incorporation over that obtained with the supernatant alone was obtained. The findings tend to support the view that gramicidin S is synthesized in a different manner from that of proteins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biosynthesis of Gramicidin S in a Cell-Free System

Berg¹,

Frøholm²,

Laland³

1965

Biochemical Journal

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“…Different strains of this organism produce a variety of polypeptides which range from 10 to 17 or 20 amino acids in length. Originally, it appeared that a ribosomal system had been obtained for the synthesis of these peptides (Bodley et al, 1964;Hall et al, 1965), a finding which contradicted reports from other laboratories of a nonribosomal type of pathway (Mach et al, 1963;Eikhom et al, 1964;Yukioka et al, 1965). During the past year, however, it has not been possible to repeat these experiments and the possibility must be considered that the earlier reports should be reassessed.…”

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confidence: 90%

The Biosynthesis of Gramicidin S. A Restudy^*

Bhagavan¹,

Rao²,

Pollard³

et al. 1966

Biochemistry

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“…Evidence has been accumulating which showed that the biosyntheses of these peptides were catalyzed only with the soluble fractions obtained from Bacillus brevis strains and were not affected by the inhibitors of protein synthesis (Mach et al, 1963;March, 1963;Yukioka et al, 1965;Berg et al, 1965;Fujikawa et al, 1966). The concept in support of the ribosomal pathway for the synthesis of these peptides which had been contradictory to the above findings for past few years (Uemura et al, 1963;Okuda et al, 1964;Bodley et al, 1964;Uemura et al, 1965;Hall et al, 1965) has recently been retracted by Bhagavan et al (1966) of the same group, reporting that they have obtained a soluble enzyme system for the synthesis of gramicidin S different from their previous one.…”

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confidence: 89%