Participation of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the epidemiology of canine visceral leishmaniasis

Coutinho, Teresa A.; Bueno, Lilian Lacerda; Sterzik, Annelise; Fujiwara, Ricardo Toshio; Botelho, José Ramiro; Maria, Museu-Arxiu de Santa; Genaro, Odair; Linardi, Pedro Marcos

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.011

Cited by 143 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The vectorial capacity of the other arthropods may be enhanced by the epidemiological characteristics of VL that allow the close association of ectoparasites with infected dogs (COUTINHO et al, 2005). The above reinforces the theory of SHERLOCK (1964) who reported that transmission could probably be made by other vectors when sandflies are absent.…”

Section: Transmission By Alternative Vectorssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…In Brazil, the infectivity of L. infantum in ticks was confirmed by experimental inoculation of macerated positive ticks in hamsters (M. auratus) (COUTINHO et al, 2005).More recently, kDNA was detected in the salivary gland of R. sanguineus collected from seropositive dogs to Leishmania sp. (DANTAS-TORRES et al, 2010a).…”

Section: Transmission By Alternative Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The above reinforces the theory of SHERLOCK (1964) who reported that transmission could probably be made by other vectors when sandflies are absent. Ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) and fleas (Ctenocephalides felis felis) are among these possible alternative vectors (COUTINHO et al, 2005;COUTINHO & LINARDI, 2007;MORAIS et al, 2013).…”

Section: Transmission By Alternative Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transmission routes of visceral leishmaniasis in mammals

2015

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Section: Transmission By Alternative Vectorssupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Transmission By Alternative Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Transmission By Alternative Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transmission routes of visceral leishmaniasis in mammals

2015

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“…The parasite is transmitted from one infected dog to another through the phlebotomine bites and possibly through other arthropod vectors, such as fleas and ticks (Coutinho et al, 2005;Ferreira et al, 2009;Dantas-Torres et al, 2010) and through blood transfusions (Owens et al, 2001). After the phlebotomine feed on the dog's blood, the parasites rapidly spread into the lymph nodes and spleen through the lymph and blood and eventually reach the kidneys and liver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10 and parasite density in spleen and liver ofL. (L.) chagasinaturally infected dogs

Michelin

Perri

Lima

2011

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology

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Dogs are the main domestic reservoirs of L. (L.) chagasi. Once in the vertebrate host, the parasite can cause visceral leishmaniasis, which can also be transmitted to humans. Cytokines are key elements of the host immune response against Leishmania spp. To investigate whether tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 are associated with pattern infection in dogs, these cytokines were quantified in the spleen and liver of dogs naturally infected with L. (L.) chagasi, with or without clinical manifestations, and their levels were correlated with the parasite load verified in these organs. A total of 40 adult dogs naturally infected with L. (L.) chagasi were assessed, together with 12 uninfected control dogs. Samples from spleen and liver were used to determine the cytokine levels by capture ELISA and for quantifying parasite load by real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using the minimum Chi square method and group means were compared using the Tukey test. TNF-a, IL-4 and IL-10 levels in infected dogs were higher than in control groups; the liver was the main cytokine-producing organ during infection. The level of splenic TNF-a showed correlation with parasite load and may represent an important marker for infection process evolution, with the participation of IL-10. These results may contribute to a clearer understanding of the immune response in dogs infected with L. (L.) chagasi, which may lead to the development of prophylactic or preventive measures for these animals.

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“…The oral contamination by Leishmania sp. is not reported elsewhere in dogs, despite the artificial contamination of hamsters after oral inoculation of macerates of L. infantum infected ticks (Coutinho et al, 2005). The hypothesis of canine oral contamination by L. infantum should be tested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Detection of Leishmania infantum in the smegma of infected dogs

Silva

Assis

Ribeiro

et al. 2014

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Considering the venereal transmission of visceral leishmaniasis from dogs to bitches, the aim of this study was to verify if the penile surface and smegma from infected dogs can be the source of parasites in bitches. Twelve Leishmania infantum infected dogs had semen and smegma samples collected for submission to PCR identification of the DNA of the parasite. Semen (41.7%) and smegma (50.0%) have similar positive incidence (P>0.05; Fisher's exact test), with 58.3% of the dogs positive for semen and/or smegma samples. The proportion of positivity for both semen and smegma was 33.3%, but 8.3% was positive only for semen, and 16.7% only for smegma, revealing a moderate agreement between tests (K=0.5; Kappa index). It was concluded that Leishmania infantum is present in the smegma of contaminated dogs and it can be a source of parasites for the semen and the bitch.Keywords: Leishmania infantum; dog; prepuce, smegma; semen Palavras-chave: Leishmania infantum, cão, prepúcio, esmegma, sêmen RESUMO Tendo em vista a transmissão venérea da leishmaniose visceral do cão para a cadela, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se a superfície peniana e o esmegma de cães infectados poderiam ser a fonte de parasitas para a fêmea. Amostras de sêmen e esmegma de 12 cães infectados com

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Participation of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the epidemiology of canine visceral leishmaniasis

Cited by 143 publications

References 23 publications

Transmission routes of visceral leishmaniasis in mammals

Transmission routes of visceral leishmaniasis in mammals

Evaluation of TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10 and parasite density in spleen and liver ofL. (L.) chagasinaturally infected dogs

Detection of Leishmania infantum in the smegma of infected dogs

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