Participation of protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor and protein Z system in the pathomechanism of thrombotic complications

Gacka, Małgorzata; Małecki, Rafał; Adamiec, Rajmund

doi:10.1055/s-0031-1278382

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Genetic and environmental factors have been suggested to influence plasma PZ levels. The human PZ gene is highly polymorphic; the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) database of the National Institutes of Health described 110 SNPs in the human PZ gene, and 14 SNPs in regions near PZ gene [13]. The A-13G polymorphism in the promoter region, G-103A in intron A, or G-79A in intron F of PZ gene are associated with reduced PZ level [13,21,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The human PZ gene is highly polymorphic; the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) database of the National Institutes of Health described 110 SNPs in the human PZ gene, and 14 SNPs in regions near PZ gene [13]. The A-13G polymorphism in the promoter region, G-103A in intron A, or G-79A in intron F of PZ gene are associated with reduced PZ level [13,21,24]. Interestingly, one study [25] reported lower levels of PZ in patients with ACS, despite a similar frequency of PZ polymorphisms between patients and controls, suggesting that PZ deficiencies observed were acquired, and could constitute a marker of vascular disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical significance for low PZ on hemostatic system imbalance and thrombotic consequences arose from the finding that PZ knock-out mice showed increased risk for thrombosis after vascular injuries, and a severe thrombosis phenotype when combined with homozygous FV Leiden [9,10,13]. Nevertheless, studies addressing the mechanism for human PZ deficiency in the development of ACS, and the possible role for PZ level as a reliable risk biomarker for ACS reported conflicting debatable results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Low Protein Z Level: A Thrombophilic Risk Biomarker for Acute Coronary Syndrome

Ghozlan

Mohamed

Eissa

et al. 2018

Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus

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Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) encompasses a range of thrombotic coronary artery diseases. Protein Z (PZ)/PZ-dependent protease inhibitor complex is a natural anticoagulant system with a presumptive role for PZ deficiency in the pathogenesis of ACS. We aimed to evaluate plasma PZ level and role as a risk biomarker in Egyptian patients with ACS. Hundred patients with stable ACS and 60 matched controls were enrolled. ACS patients were divided into 3 clinical subgroups (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and unstable angina), and 2 age subgroups (group A B 55 years, and group B [ 55 years). Plasma PZ levels were evaluated using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Lower PZ levels were found in ACS patients' group and clinical subgroups compared with controls. PZ levels showed a decrease with increasing age and were lower in females versus males. Lower PZ levels were found in hypertensive ACS patients in both age subgroups. Smokers and patients with family history of ACS in group A had lower PZ levels, while group B revealed lower PZ among diabetic patients. In group A, increased number of ACS conventional risk factors was associated with lower PZ levels. PZ level 3.7 lg/mL was the best cutoff value for prediction of ACS. Logistic regression analyses approved PZ as an independent risk biomarker for ACS. PZ levels are reduced in stable ACS and are significantly and independently associated with increased susceptibility for ACS, denoting PZ deficiency as a reliable thrombophilic risk biomarker in Egyptian patients with ACS.

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