Participación salarial y crecimiento económico en América Latina, 1950-2011

Abstract

RESUMENEn este artículo se construyen las series de la participación salarial en el producto interno bruto (pib) de 15 economías de América Latina y la correspondiente al conjunto de estas entre 1950-2010. Se determina, con diferentes metodologías, la tendencia no lineal de esta variable, corroborando la presencia de dos grandes ciclos. Se incluye una discusión de diversos autores, especialmente clásicos y postkeynesianos, que exploran la vinculación de esta variable con el nivel de actividad económica. Asimismo, se demuestra la pertinencia del enfoque postkeynesiano para explicar que las variaciones del pib real están determinadas por la participación salarial, la formación bruta de capital y las exportaciones de bienes y servicios, entre las principales variables. Sin embargo, la contribución de la variación de la participación salarial al crecimiento del producto real es menos importante a partir de los años ochenta. PALABRAS CLAVESalarios, producto interno bruto, crecimiento económico, modelos econométricos, América Latina CLASIFICACIÓN JEL E01, E12, E25, N16, N36 AUTORGermán Alarco Tosoni es profesor investigador de la

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“…The main contribution of this study to post‐Keynesian growth literature through the investigation and identification of growth regimes in Latin American countries. The Alarco Tosoni (2014) database is used to estimate the distribution effect in these economies using the aggregative methodology, where the empirical literature has been scarce. Previous studies such as Onaran and Galanis (2012) include Argentina (Latin American country) in a group of developing countries such as China, India, and South Africa in their separate estimations (structural approach).…”

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“…As Del Castillo Negrete () states, the underestimation of income has been growing since the 1990s, so the capitation of total household income has become more difficult. Estimations of inequality have shown the growing problem of underestimation in relation to income data from National Accounts (Alarcón Tosoni, ; Del Castillo, 2015). According to 2004 data from Del Castillo Negrete (), there was 2.5 times more underestimation of income reported in household surveys in 2004, versus national accounts.…”