Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gums Reduce Dietary Fatty Acid and Sterol Absorption in Guinea Pigs Independent of Viscosity

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of two partially hydrolyzed guar gums (PHGG) on fatty acid and sterol excretion. PHGG were obtained by chemical hydrolysis of guar gum (GG) with H(2)O:EtOH (1:1) at 100 °C for 1 h (PHGG1) or 2 h (PHGG2). The viscosity of the PHGG in a 1 % (w/v) aqueous solution corresponded to that of a pseudoplastic fluid and was higher for PHGG1 than PHGG2. Guinea pigs (n = 8 per group) were fed high fat diets (17/100 g) that contained 12/100 g of cellulose, PHGG1, or PHGG2 for 4 weeks. Despite the differences in viscosity, the two PHGG exerted similar physiological effects. Compared to the control cellulose group, the body weight gain was lower in animals fed PHGG, although no effect on food consumption was observed. PHGG increased the excretion of fatty acids and neutral sterols, but not bile acids. Consumption of PHGG did not alter the fecal fatty acid profile, while intestinal bioconversion of sterols tended to increase in response to PHGG2. A reduction in the viscosity within the range tested did not correlate with losses in the hypocholesterolemic capacity of PHGG as both were effective in reducing plasma cholesterol. Thus, we conclude that the chemical hydrolysis of guar gum renders the gum suitable for inclusion in food products without significantly altering its beneficial health effects.

Impact of sugar beet pulp and wheat bran on serum biochemical profile, inflammatory responses and gut microbiota in sows during late gestation and lactation

“…Our results were in consistent with Ndou et al [38], in which both soluble ber ( axseed meal) and insoluble ber (oat hulls) decreased serum total cholesterol concentration in pigs, showing hypocholesterolemic effects. As a source of soluble ber, the SBP can increase digesta viscosity, and hence increase cholesterol and bile acid excretion, which may in turn in uence hepatic cholesterol metabolism, and eventually result in decreased serum cholesterol concentration [39]. While as a source of insoluble ber, the WB can increase cholesterol and bile acid excretion by shortening transit time of digesta in the gastrointestinal tract [38].…”

The Physico-Chemical Properties of Dietary Fibre Determine Metabolic Responses, Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles and Gut Microbiota Composition in Rats Fed Low- and High-Fat Diets

“…A study in guinea pigs fed two kinds of partially hydrolysed guar gum (i.e. hydrolysed for either 1 or 2 h) showed that both types displayed cholesterol-lowering effects [ 27 ]. In the present study, we found differences between the guar gum preparations regarding blood levels of cholesterol and TG, possibly due to the fact that we had a wider range of viscosity (from 0.02 to 600 Pa ● s) than in the Santas et al study (ranging between 1.7 to 2.9 Pa ● s) [ 27 ].…”

“…hydrolysed for either 1 or 2 h) showed that both types displayed cholesterol-lowering effects [ 27 ]. In the present study, we found differences between the guar gum preparations regarding blood levels of cholesterol and TG, possibly due to the fact that we had a wider range of viscosity (from 0.02 to 600 Pa ● s) than in the Santas et al study (ranging between 1.7 to 2.9 Pa ● s) [ 27 ]. Of note, the lipid metabolism was distinctly affected by the viscosity of the guar gum, where low viscosity reduced blood cholesterol and TG levels, and high viscosity instead reduced liver steatosis.…”

Flaxseed meal and oat hulls supplementation: impact on dietary fiber digestibility, and flows of fatty acids and bile acids in growing pigs1

“…Supporting this speculation is the increase in the presence of trans FA which are likely to be of microbial origin (Martínez Marín et al, 2013). Therefore, the presence of long-chain unsaturated FA in gastrointestinal contents can be used as reliable indicators to assess the effects of feeding DF and its fermentability on lipid metabolism (Santas et al, 2012). These findings also indicate that endogenous secretions of FA from the host into gastrointestinal contents might have contributed to the ileal and fecal flows of these FA.…”