Parkinson's disease and glutamatergic system

Abstract

Clinical variants of Parkinson's disease (PD) are not restricted to motor symptoms but include a wide spectrum of different non-motor symptoms: cognitive, psychotic, autonomic and sensory. These non-motor symptoms often occur long before classical motor features. Associated pathologic changes can now be identified at earliest stages using neuroimaging, pathomorphological and genetic studies. Therefore, PD is currently considered as a multifactorial, heterogenic systemic disease associated with involvement of multiple neurotransmitter systems. This leads to understanding that not only dopaminergic but also other neurotransmitter systems, including glutamatergic system, are involved in the pathogenesis of PD. This article aimed at investigating a role of glutamatergic system in the initiation of neurodegenerative process. The role of glutamate as a neurotransmitter and a neurotoxin in the pathogenesis of PD and progression of its clinical manifestations is discussed. The authors suggest that research into glutamate excitotoxicity in PD patients might allow the improvement of treatment tactics and correction of pathogenetic therapy.

Investigation of antiparkinsonian activity of new imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid derivatives on the experimental model of catalepsy

“…The high content of Ca 2+ in neurons triggers neurotoxic processes with activation of proteolytic enzymes and destruction of cellular structures, which eventually leads to increased synthesis of nitric oxide, activation of lipid peroxidation and, consequently, to oxidative stress, impaired synthesis of neurotrophic factors and apoptosis (Szydlowska and Tymianski 2010). It follows from this that glutamate excitotoxicity can not only trigger, but also aggravate the neurodegenerative process in PD (Mironova et al 2018). In this regard, the safety problems associated with glutamatergic modulation are still relevant and consist in the extremely important role of glutamate and its receptors in the key functions of the central nervous system.…”

Biologized Control of the Main Diseases of Cherry Plum in Humid Subtropics of the Krasnodar Region

“…Для борьбы с перечисленными фитопатогенами алычи обычно используют химические фунгициды (4,5), несмотря на негативные последствия их применения -токсичность, неизбирательность действия и риск появления устойчивости у фитопатогенов (6). Альтернативой химическим фунгицидам служат биофунгициды -препараты на основе сапротрофных бактерий и грибов (7,8).…”