Parity Progression and Birth Intervals in China: The Influence of Policy in Hastening Fertility Decline

Feeney, Griffith; Wang, Feng

doi:10.2307/2938385

Cited by 81 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The International Programs Center of the US Bureau of the Census, on the other hand, has estimated that China's population is likely to increase to only 1.4 billion by 2050 (Johnson 1995). Recent evidence, reported by Feeney and others, indicates that average Chinese fertility may already have fallen below replacement level during the early 1990s (Feeney and Yuan 1994;Feeney and Wang 1993). Thus there is little scope for a further fertility decline, which would be the only option to halt China's population growth at a level below 1.4 billion.…”

Section: Further Population Increasementioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic Factors in Land-Use Change in China

Heilig¹

1997

Population and Development Review

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Section: Further Population Increasementioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic Factors in Land-Use Change in China

Heilig¹

1997

Population and Development Review

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“…In 1979 the "One Child per Couple" policy was Child and Punish Having Three." In 1979 the "One Child per Couple" policy was implemented (Center for Population Studies et al 1986;Peng 1991;Feeney and implemented (Center for Population Studies et al 1986;Peng 1991;Feeney and Wang 1993). Wang 1993).…”

Section: The One-child Policy and Institutional Impediments To Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

Labor Market Outcomes and Reforms in China

Meng

2012

Journal of Economic Perspectives

382

231

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Over the past few decades of economic reform, China's labor markets have been transformed to an increasingly market-driven system. China has two segregated economies: the rural and urban. Understanding the shifting nature of this divide is probably the key to understanding the most important labor market reform issues of the last decades and the decades ahead. From 1949, the Chinese economy allowed virtually no labor mobility between the rural and urban sectors. Rural-urban segregation was enforced by a household registration system called “hukou.” Individuals born in rural areas receive “agriculture hukou” while those born in cities are designated as “nonagricultural hukou.” In the countryside, employment and income were linked to the commune-based production system. Collectively owned communes provided very basic coverage for health, education, and pensions. In cities, state-assigned life-time employment, centrally determined wages, and a cradle-to-grave social welfare system were implemented. In the late 1970s, China's economic reforms began, but the timing and pattern of the changes were quite different across rural and urban labor markets. This paper focuses on employment and wages in the urban labor markets, the interaction between the urban and rural labor markets through migration, and future labor market challenges. Despite the remarkable changes that have occurred, inherited institutional impediments still play an important role in the allocation of labor; the hukou system remains in place, and 72 percent of China's population is still identified as rural hukou holders. China must continue to ease its restrictions on rural–urban migration, and must adopt policies to close the widening rural–urban gap in education, or it risks suffering both a shortage of workers in the growing urban areas and a deepening urban–rural economic divide.

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“…A systematic assessment of the data indicated generally good quality and consistent records of marriage and birth history information (Coale, 1984;Qin, 2016). Further information about the surveys and data quality has been reported in several academic studies (Coale & Chen, 1987;Feeney & Yu, 1987;Feeney & Wang, 1993;Feeney & Yuan, 1994;Zhang & Zhao, 2006;Morgan et al, 2009), although the present study is the first to use data from all six.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 95%

Unpacking the Differential Impact of Family Planning Policies in China: Analysis of Parity Progression Ratios From Retrospective Birth History Data, 1971–2005

2018

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SummaryAlthough China’s family planning programme is often referred to in the singular, most notably the One-Child policy, in reality there have been a number of different policies in place simultaneously, targeted at different sub-populations characterized by region and socioeconomic conditions. This study attempted to systematically assess the differential impact of China’s family planning programmes over the past 40 years. The contribution of Parity Progression Ratios to fertility change among different sub-populations exposed to various family planning policies over time was assessed. Cross-sectional birth history data from six consecutive rounds of nationally representative population and family planning surveys from the early 1970s until the mid-2000s were used, covering all geographical regions of China. Four sub-populations exposed to differential family planning regimes were identified. The analyses provide compelling evidence of the influential role of family planning policies in reducing higher Parity Progression Ratios across different sub-populations, particularly in urban China where fertility dropped to replacement level even before the implementation of the One-Child policy. The prevailing socioeconomic conditions in turn have been instrumental in adapting and accelerating family planning policy responses to reducing fertility levels across China.

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Parity Progression and Birth Intervals in China: The Influence of Policy in Hastening Fertility Decline

Cited by 81 publications

References 33 publications

Anthropogenic Factors in Land-Use Change in China

Anthropogenic Factors in Land-Use Change in China

Labor Market Outcomes and Reforms in China

Unpacking the Differential Impact of Family Planning Policies in China: Analysis of Parity Progression Ratios From Retrospective Birth History Data, 1971–2005

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