2007
DOI: 10.1177/0263276407071567
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Paris Visual Académie as First Prototype Profession

Abstract: T HE SOCIOLOGY of professions has been controversial since its inception in the 1930s, and it remains controversial today. Where Max Weber had decades earlier presented an ideal type of bureaucracy that remains standard across the social sciences, there is no such ideal type of profession. We propose that by considering a pivotal, unambiguous case of occupational striving and simultaneous social and cultural uplift on the Continent during the last half of the 17th century, we disrupt and redirect the eight-dec… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…Any useful sociological conceptualization of “profession” should take the social meaning attached to the term into account, and moreover, should be applicable to a wide array of cases. Further, as Sciulli (2005, 2007) recommends, a good concept of “profession” will focus more on structural qualities than specific characteristics as the latter are too changeable. It may be useful then to regard professions as organized occupations with status whose relations with the state, the public, and other professional groups are structured and regulated.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Any useful sociological conceptualization of “profession” should take the social meaning attached to the term into account, and moreover, should be applicable to a wide array of cases. Further, as Sciulli (2005, 2007) recommends, a good concept of “profession” will focus more on structural qualities than specific characteristics as the latter are too changeable. It may be useful then to regard professions as organized occupations with status whose relations with the state, the public, and other professional groups are structured and regulated.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although a growing body of research shows that the nature of professions varies across time, place, and field, the search for an overarching definition or ideal type has not abated. The most sophisticated recent contributions come from David Sciulli (2005, 2007) who, rather than provide a simple list of traits, seeks to identify overarching structural qualities that appear to differentiate professional occupations from other expert occupations across time and place. While other scholars see professional development as being linked with the rise of the modern state and the spread of capitalism (Johnson 1982; Larson 1977), Sciulli (2005) identifies professional development as far back as the mid‐seventeenth century among Parisian painters and sculptors.…”
Section: Defining Professionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Another suggestion is the guild-and apprentice system (Krause 1996). David Sciulli (2007) argues that the first profession was not any of those we ordinarily think of -physicians, lawyers, engineers -but that it is found in the arts in seventeenth century France. Sometimes, the medieval university's Faculties of Divinity, Law, and Medicine are counted as the classical pre-industrial professions.…”
Section: Answers To Questionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, this point of departure is arbitrary. As recently shown by David Sciulli (2007), taking his point of departure in a prototype found in a certain Academy of l'ancien regime, by selecting different prototypes we can construct quite different definitions of professions.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Formally, this is not the case for most artistic occupations, as autodidacts and amateurs have access to artistic markets as well as to the identity "artist." However, as argued by Sciulli (2007), art and professionalism were once closely interlinked, as visual academies in France and Italy during the ancien régime created prototype professionals. The academies linked theoretical instruction "to the delivery of expert occupational services" (Sciulli, 2007, p. 38) and admitted students on the basis of skill rather than social status or family affiliation, that is, established a professional norm.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%