Pareto Optimality for the Design of SMES Solenoid Coils Verified by Magnetic Field Analysis

Optimal Operation of Combined Photovoltaic Electrolyzer Systems

“…Batteries are also not capable of storing large amounts of energy in commercial applications. There are other novel techniques, such as superconductivity, which have been developed in order to store and deliver power instantaneously [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Hydrogen is another suitable option because of its ability to work as a reliable fuel for almost every application, especially in transportation devices.…”

Hybrid Energy Storage Implementation in DC and AC Power System for Efficiency, Power Quality and Reliability Improvements

“…The low-temperature superconductor, niobium-titanium (NbTi), typically is utilized in SMES system due to its ductile nature, which makes it possible to produce the fine filamentary structure. This characteristic enables the conductor to endure the alternating stress conditions produced in a pulsed magnet winding [47]- [49]. In the case of the NbTi conducting wire, the coolant can be liquid helium at 4.2 K, or super fluid helium at 1.8 K.…”

Analysis and Modeling of Advanced Power Control and Protection Requirements for Integrating Renewable Energy Sources in Smart Grid,

“…This parallel resistance must be contacted all over the length of the superconductor, and it regulates the controlled current to elude over-voltages likely occurring when the resistance of the superconductor increases much quicker. With the recent breakthrough of economical second-generation high-temperature (HTS) wires, the SFCL has become more viable and is eventually expected to be at least a factor of ten lower in cost than the presently available HTS conductor [43]. The structure of FSIG-based WT with resistive SFCL is schematically shown in Figure 2.15.…”

“…The numerical approximation of the power coefficient is given by following non-linear equations [43] C p (λ, β) = 0.73( 151 λ t − 0.58β 2.14 − 13.2)e −18.4 λ t (3.8) The aerodynamic torque on the rotor T rotor , which is produced by the blades of wind turbine can be calculated as P A /ω rotor . Also, Figure 3.12 illustrates the relation between the rotational turbine speed and the aerodynamic power of the wind turbine P A for various wind speeds v wind with the blade pitch angle β = 0 0 .…”

“…For comparative purposes, the optimization process is verified by another algorithm, i.e., the non-dominant sorting GA version II (NSGA-II) [43]. The NSGA-II approximates the entire Pareto front, and no modification could be made to locate only the optimal solutions corresponding to the multi-objectives problems.…”