Parenting style and adolescent depressive symptoms, smoking, and academic achievement: Ethnic, gender, and SES differences

Abstract

This paper examines whether the relationship between parenting style and adolescent depressive symptoms, smoking, and academic grades varies according to ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status. Four parenting styles are distinguished, based on patterns of parent-adolescent decision making: autocratic (parents decide), authoritative (joint process but parents decide), permissive (joint process but adolescent decides), and unengaged (adolescent decides). The sample included 3993 15-year-old White, Hispanic, African-American, and Asian adolescents. Results are generally consistent with previous findings: adolescents with authoritative parents had the best outcomes and those with unengaged parents were least well adjusted, while the permissive and the autocratic styles produced intermediate results. For the most part, this pattern held across ethnic and sociodemographic subgroups. There was one exception, suggesting that the relationship between parenting styles, especially the unengaged style, and depressive symptoms may vary according to gender and ethnicity. More research is needed to replicate and explain this pattern in terms of ecological factors, cultural norms, and socialization goals and practices.

Identificação de estilos parentais: o ponto de vista dos pais e dos filhos

“…Possuem baixo rendimento escolar, sintomas depressivos e baixa auto-estima (Darling, 1999;Radziszewska, Richardson, Dent & Flay, 1996), podem ter um desenvolvimento atrasado, problemas afetivos e comportamentais (Quintin, 2001) e possuem maior índice de estresse (Weber, Biscaia, Pavei & Galvão, 2002).…”

The influence of maternal self-objectification, materialism and parenting style on potentially sexualized ‘grown up’ behaviours and appearance concerns in 5–8 year old girls

“…Permissive parents are high on responsiveness but low on demandingness, and parents who are low on both dimensions are described as having a disengaged parenting style. An authoritative parenting style has been associated with a wide range of benefits for children, including higher levels of school engagement and academic performance (Boon, 2007), and higher global self-esteem and lower levels of depressive symptoms (Jackson, Pratt, Hunsberger, & Pancer, 2005;Radziszewska, Richardson, Dent, & Flay, 1996). To the best of our knowledge, no research has examined the influence of parenting style on children's sexualized behaviours and appearance concerns.…”

Impact du soutien affectif et du contrôle abusif parental sur l'ajustement psychologique des adolescents de 14 à 18 ans /

“…Ils sont réceptifs et sensibles tant au plan affectif que cognitif (Baumrind, 1991). Le style démocratique est identifié dans les écrits comme celui dont les conséquences sont les plus bénéfiques pour l'enfant et l'adolescent (Baumrind, 1991 ;McKinney, Donnelly, & Renk, 2008;Radziszewska, Richardson, Dent, & Flay, 1996;Steinberg, Mounts, Lamborn, & Dornbush, 1991: Steinberg, Lamborn, Darling, Mounts, &Dornbush, 1994 Bellissirno, Norman, 1995;Parker et al, 1979).…”

“…& Richard, 1993) et à une plus faible incidence d'idées suicidaires (Breton, Légaré, Laverdure, & D'Amours, 1999 (Maccoby & Martin, 1983;Rey et al, 1993;Bellerose, Cadieux, & Noël, 2001), le sexe (Conrade & Ho, 2001;Deschesne & Shaefer, 1997;Parker et al, 1979;Rey et al, 1993;Wissink, Dekovic, & Meijer, 2009), l'origine culturelle (Baumrind, 1996;Dornbusch, Ritter, Liederman, Roberts, & Fraleigh, 1987;Steinberg, et al, 1991), le statut socioéconomique Radziszewska et al, 1996;Steinberg et al, 1991) et la structure familiale (Claes & Lacoerse, 2001). Dans le présent projet, deux des caractéristiques les plus fortement associées aux pratiques parentales selon notre recension des écrits seront considérées, soit l'âge et le sexe.…”