Parenting stress and self-reported discipline strategies of Kenyan caregiving grandmothers

Oburu, Paul; Palmérus, Kerstin

doi:10.1080/01650250344000127

Cited by 56 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Like prior research (Awuor & Palmérus, 2001;Oburu & Palmérus, 2003), we found that physical discipline is frequently used and perceived as being normative in Kenya. In addition, as expected on the basis of Buddhist teachings and cultural values regarding peacefulness in Thailand (Weisz et al, 1987), physical discipline was used rarely and not perceived as being normative.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…High levels of physical discipline, including the frequent use of objects in physical discipline, have been reported in sub-Saharan Africa (e.g., Monyooe, 1996). Palmérus and her colleagues have found that physical discipline is common in Kenya, along with physical restraint and verbal threats of physical discipline (Awuor & Palmérus, 2001;Oburu & Palmérus, 2003). For example, in one study of grandmothers who were parenting their orphaned grandchildren, physical discipline was the most common and frequently mentioned form of discipline, followed by physical restraint (Oburu & Palmérus, 2003).…”

Section: Adjustment Difficultiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Palmérus and her colleagues have found that physical discipline is common in Kenya, along with physical restraint and verbal threats of physical discipline (Awuor & Palmérus, 2001;Oburu & Palmérus, 2003). For example, in one study of grandmothers who were parenting their orphaned grandchildren, physical discipline was the most common and frequently mentioned form of discipline, followed by physical restraint (Oburu & Palmérus, 2003). In Oburu and Palmérus's sample, 57% of grandmothers reported caning, pinching, slapping, tying with a rope, hitting, beating, and kicking as forms of discipline they had used with their grandchildren.…”

Section: Adjustment Difficultiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical Discipline and Children's Adjustment: Cultural Normativeness as a Moderator

et al. 2005

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Interviews were conducted with 336 mother -child dyads (children's ages ranged from 6 to 17 years; mothers' ages ranged from 20 to 59 years) in China, India, Italy, Kenya, the Philippines, and Thailand to examine whether normativeness of physical discipline moderates the link between mothers' use of physical discipline and children's adjustment. Multilevel regression analyses revealed that physical discipline was less strongly associated with adverse child outcomes in conditions of greater perceived normativeness, but physical discipline was also associated with more adverse outcomes regardless of its perceived normativeness. Countries with the lowest use of physical discipline showed the strongest association between mothers' use and children's behavior problems, but in all countries higher use of physical discipline was associated with more aggression and anxiety.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Adjustment Difficultiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adjustment Difficultiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical Discipline and Children's Adjustment: Cultural Normativeness as a Moderator

et al. 2005

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“…Also, grandparents play an important role where parenting obligations are concerned in the case of divorce of the adult daughter (Parke, 2002;Schwarz, 2006). InAfri-351 can countries, grandmothers often take the role of the first caregiver in case of the mothers' early death (recently, often due to AIDS; see Oburu & Palmerus, 2003). However, there is some evidence regarding the negative effects of grandmother/ single-parent families on child outcomes, presum ably due to intergenerati o nal conflict among caregivers �C:has .…”

Section: Changes In Mortality and Changes In Developmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic Changes and Parent–Child Relationships

Trommsdorff¹,

Nauck²

2006

Parenting

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SYNOPSISThis tutorial describes demographic changes and their implications for parent ing and parent -child relationships. First, we discuss 2 major sociodemo graphic changes -declining fertility and increasing longevity -from the point of view of social demography. Second, we elaborate on implications of de mographic changes for parenting and intergenerational relationships from so ciolOgical and psychological perspectives. This discussion of parenting and parent -child relationships addresses changes from a life-span perspective, tak ing into account contextual factors. Finally, we present examples of empirical investigations of relations among sociodemographic changes, parenting, and parent -child relationships. INTRODUCTIONMost developmental analyses of parent -child relationships focus on in teractions and conditions within the immediate family. The predominant view in the field, however, is that social changes, such as changes in family size and in individuals' life-spans, uniquely impact family life. These so cial changes offer a means by which to describe those historical shifts that result in cultural differences. However, the nature of these changes, includ ing the ways in which they have been approached by social demographers and how these changes may affect parenting and parent -child relation ships, has not yet been adequately delineated. At issue are the ways in which parent -child relationships may be affected, the kinds of research that should be undertaken, and which theoretical models might be used to guide research. This tutorial is a step toward filling these gaps. It begins with a description of what demographers refer to as "the demographic transition" and then proceeds to consider implications of the demographic transition for the nature of parenting and parent -child relationships in various cultural contexts. THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITIONThe demograph ic transition is a process that is observed worldwide and has been described by historical and internation al comparativ e demogra phy. This description is based on a model according to which the first phase of the demograph ic transition is characterize d by a multistep pro cess of modernizat ion and adaptation. The starting point is a relatively sta ble state of high mortality with simultaneo us high fertility. Especially be cause of high infant mortality and a relatively stable mortality risk across all other stages of the life-span, high fertility does not result in a significant change in population size, but rather in fast turnover. The second phase of the transition is characteriz ed by an initial increase in mean life expectancy without a simultaneo us decrease infertility, which results in population increase. In the third phase, fertility rates decrease to a similar extent such that in the fourth phase a new equilibrium is reached based on low mortal ity and low fertility with a resulting slow population turnover (see Figure 1). As far as the first three stages are concerned , the model of the demo graphic transition provides a rath...

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“…This can be accomplished by categorizing disciplining techniques on a conceptual basis. Approaches where several specific parenting behaviors have been conceptually grouped into broader disciplining strategies have been used in earlier as well as more recently published studies (e.g., Hoffman, 1970;Oburu & Palmérus, 2003). A third approach combines the conceptually based categorization with an empirical confirmation of the various groupings.…”

Section: Methodological Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swedish parents' self‐reported use of discipline in response to continued misconduct by their pre‐school children

Palmérus

Jutengren

2003

Infant and Child Development

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This thesis examined two key aspects of intergenerational disagreements. The first aspect dealt with Swedish parents' preferences for discipline with respect to the national emphasis on child democracy. Parents of preschool children were interviewed so as to examine their responses to hypothetical situations typical of common child misbehavior and their use of three assertive disciplinary strategies (coercion, behavior modification, and verbal control) were examined. In Study I, Swedish fathers' preferences for discipline were compared with the preferences of fathers from the United States (U.S.). The results showed that fathers' overall references to assertive discipline were on the same level in the Swedish sample as they were in the U.S. sample. However, compared with the Americans, the Swedes mentioned using more verbal control and less behavior modification. The aim of Study II was to investigate how Swedish parents respond across initial and recurring episodes of child misconduct. Parents' overall reports of assertive discipline revealed no significant shifts across first-and second-time child transgressions. In terms of individual strategies, however, fathers did exchange verbal control for coercion and behavior modification, but only when faced with serious situations. Although more research is needed to find out the possible effects of the national family policy in Sweden, a general conclusion is that Swedish parents seem to employ a restrictive, rather than punitive, approach to parent-child conflict. The second aspect of this thesis focused on the links between parental authority and adolescents' psychosocial adjustment. The purpose was to address some of the limitations that developmental researchers have noted in widespread typology models of parenting styles. To separate adolescents' voluntary co-operation with parental expectations from parents' deliberate intentions to exert behavior control, in contrast with many previous investigations, Study III measured the strategies of firm control and monitoring by asking parents for their responses to hypothetical situations involving potential conflict. The results indicated little support for a direct association between parental use of firm control and monitoring on the one side and adolescents' psychosocial adjustment on the other. Attempting to add to the understanding of the links between parenting and adolescent psychosocial adjustment, Study IV examined adolescents' perceptions of how conflicts with their parents are usually resolved (i.e., conflict resolution schemas). The results revealed that adolescents with high and low levels of adjustment differed in their views of how conflicts with their parents were usually resolved. In particular, well-adjusted adolescents were more likely to see themselves as complying with parental expectancies on a voluntary basis. In conclusion, characteristics of the parent-adolescent relationship that promote adolescents' conflict resolution expectancies seem to be more important to adolescents' positive developme...

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Parenting stress and self-reported discipline strategies of Kenyan caregiving grandmothers

Cited by 56 publications

References 51 publications

Physical Discipline and Children's Adjustment: Cultural Normativeness as a Moderator

Physical Discipline and Children's Adjustment: Cultural Normativeness as a Moderator

Demographic Changes and Parent–Child Relationships

Swedish parents' self‐reported use of discipline in response to continued misconduct by their pre‐school children

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