Research exploring health behaviors and outcomes among sexual minorities has yet to include same-sex parents, who face additional stressors associated with parenthood. This exploratory study investigates self-reported health behaviors (regular exercise, sleep, and alcohol use) and outcomes (chronic health conditions, depression, and overall health) among 141 parents in same-sex couples (N ϭ 83 families) with adopted school-age children. Several predictors were investigated, including parent gender, number of children, parenting stress, marital status, and internalized homophobia (IH), controlling for education, income, and work hours. Findings showed that parenting stress and IH were most commonly associated (p Ͻ .05) with health behaviors and outcomes, but functioned differently in women and men. Women with high stress had greater odds of exercising Ն3 days a week, but women with high IH had lower odds of exercising that much; vice versa in men. Additional findings among men were greater odds of depression than women; and, men with low IH more often slept Ͻ7 h a week and reported greater alcohol intake than those with high IH. Among parents generally, those with multiple children and those who were unmarried had lower odds of exercising Ն3 days a week, while those with high stress had greater odds of depression and of a chronic health condition. This study highlights the many areas requiring further research in the field of same-sex parent health. Public Significance Statement Lesbian and gay parents are exposed to minority stress and parenting stress, which may have implications for their health behaviors and outcomes. The findings of this exploratory study show that parenting stress and internalized homophobia were often associated with parents' health behaviors and outcomes, but functioned differently in women and men. Additional findings of interest were that gay male parents were at greater odds of depression than lesbian mothers; and, among parents generally, those with multiple children and those who were unmarried were less likely to exercise, and those with high stress were more likely to be depressed and to have a chronic health condition.