Parental symptoms and children’s use of medicine for headache: data reported by parents from five Nordic countries

Andersen, Anette; Berntsson, Leeni; Hansen, Ebba Holme

doi:10.1007/s00038-011-0284-2

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…This socialization pathway explaining the association between parental health and child self-medication has previously been described. 2,34 Our results suggest that maternal illness, pain, or prescription medicine intake plays a smaller role in PCM use for children. Perhaps a mother' s view of PCM affects the use for her child more than her own health does.…”

Section: Implications/perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…[1][2][3] This treatment is often managed by parents without consulting a physician. 4 The act of self-administrating OTC medicine, or giving it to one' s child without medical supervision, is termed self-medication.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,20 Additionally parental health and pain symptoms have been suggested to be of importance. 2 Mothers could be of particular influence, because they most often purchase and administer OTC medications, including PCM. 21 The current extensive self-medication with OTC analgesics for children constitutes an important public health issue internationally.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Maternal Self-Medication and Over-the-Counter Analgesics for Children

et al. 2014

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OBJECTIVE: Self-medication with over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics, such as paracetamol (PCM), among children and adolescents is increasing and constitutes an important public health issue internationally. Reasons for this development are unclear; parental influence is suggested. Our objective was to examine whether self-medication with OTC analgesics among school-aged children is influenced by maternal self-reported health and medicine use, taking the child’s frequency of pain into account. METHODS: A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted on 131 children aged 6 to 11 years and their mothers in the framework of the Demonstration Of A Study To Coordinate And Perform Human Biomonitoring On A European Scale (DEMOCOPHES) European project. Participants were selected from 1 urban and 1 rural area of Denmark, and equally distributed in age and gender. Data were collected through structured interviews with all children and self-report questionnaires for mothers regarding health, pain, and medicine use. RESULTS: After adjusting for several sociodemographic and health parameters, maternal use of OTC analgesics was significantly associated with self-medication with OTC analgesics, particularly PCM, in our population of schoolchildren, even when the child’s pain was adjusted for (odds ratio 3.00, P = .008). A clear association between child pain and OTC analgesic use was not found. Additionally, maternal health (self-rated health, chronic pain, chronic disease, daily medicine intake) did not significantly influence child use of OTC analgesics. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal self-medication with OTC analgesics is associated with self-medication of OTC analgesics, predominantly PCM, among school-aged children, perhaps more than the child’s pain. Maternal health seems of less importance. Information to parents about pain self-management is important to promote appropriate PCM use among schoolchildren.

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Section: Implications/perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 75%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Maternal Self-Medication and Over-the-Counter Analgesics for Children

et al. 2014

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“…Two studies found that children of parents with chronic pain had increased self-reported medication use for headache [3] and increased odds of emergency department visits and hospitalizations [53] compared to control children. Two other studies found no significant group differences when measuring author-defined newborn risk categories [4] and parent-reported use of over-the-counter analgesics by children [42].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Offspring of parents with chronic pain

Higgins

Birnie

Chambers

et al. 2015

Pain

101

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Offspring of parents with chronic pain may be at risk for poorer outcomes than offspring of healthy parents. The objective of this research was to provide a comprehensive mixed-methods, systematic synthesis of all available research on outcomes in offspring of parents with chronic pain. A systematic search was conducted for published articles in English examining pain, health, psychological, or family outcomes in offspring of parents with chronic pain. Fifty-nine eligible articles were identified (31 population-based, 25 clinical, 3 qualitative), including offspring from birth to adulthood and parents with varying chronic pain diagnoses (e.g., mixed pain samples, arthritis). Meta-analysis was used to synthesize the results from population-based and clinical studies, while meta-ethnography was used to synthesize the results of qualitative studies. Increased pain complaints were found in offspring of mothers and of fathers with chronic pain, and when both parents had chronic pain. Newborns of mothers with chronic pain were more likely to have adverse birth outcomes, including low birthweight, preterm delivery, caesarean section, intensive care admission, and mortality. Offspring of parents with chronic pain had greater externalizing and internalizing problems and poorer social competence and family outcomes. No significant differences were found on teacher-reported externalizing problems. The meta-ethnography identified six key concepts (developing independence, developing compassion, learning about health and coping, missing out, emotional health, and struggles communicating with parents). Across study designs, offspring of parents with chronic pain had poorer outcomes than other offspring, although the meta-ethnography noted some constructive impact of having a parent with chronic pain.

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“…It seems that the severity and the burden of parental headache are associated with their children’s use of medicine for headache. Moreover, gender differences might be relevant, as the use of medicine for headache in girls is influenced by both mother’s and father’s headache and by the severity of their headache symptoms, whereas in boys drug use was only associated with the mothers’ headache and the severity of their headache symptoms 45 …”

Section: Impact Of Parental Headaches On Their Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Parental Care and Pain in Children With Headache: A Narrative Review

et al. 2020

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Purpose In migraine or primary headache in children, parents play a fundamental role in pain management. For this narrative review, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Psych Info were searched using the terms “parent headache”, “mother/father headache”, “parental impact headache”, “alexithymia parents headache”, “catastrophizing parent headache”, “family headache”, “children parent headache”, and “quality of life family headache”. Articles were chosen for inclusion based on their relevance in to the topic. Overview Several parental and psychological characteristics can influence in children and adolescent headache, such as parental attitudes as oppressive or overprotective; punitive parenting styles; familial psychological symptoms, especially anxiety and depression; catastrophizing about their child’s pain or excessive worry about their child’s headache; inability to express emotions; and feelings that may lead to somatization problems. Discussion Parents’ attitudes and behaviors toward their child’s headache have a strong relation with the severity of headache attacks. Mothers seem to have more influence than fathers on children’s pain and emotional regulation. We suggest that the presence of caregiver‐child transmission of maladaptive coping strategies, arising from difficulties expressing emotion, may lead to incorrect management of headache pain, further facilitating headache chronification.

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Parental symptoms and children’s use of medicine for headache: data reported by parents from five Nordic countries

Abstract: Parents' symptom experience seems to influence their children's medicine use over and above medicine use indicated by symptoms. Two potential explanations are suggested: a socialization pathway and/or a pathway through adverse living conditions.

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Association of Maternal Self-Medication and Over-the-Counter Analgesics for Children

Association of Maternal Self-Medication and Over-the-Counter Analgesics for Children

Offspring of parents with chronic pain

The Relationship Between Parental Care and Pain in Children With Headache: A Narrative Review

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