Parental socialization in the context of caregiving, parenting, and upbringin

Abstract

The present paper aims to propose a possible ways of integrating analyses related with parental socialization with analyses related with parenting, caregiving and raising up/upbringing a child. A few theoretical analyses were proposed to this end. First, concept of socialization was discussed in its culture related and axiological aspects. Secondly, socialization theory with dimensions of socialization as proposed by Gruces and Davidov (2010) was described. Finally, the proposition of the hierarchical structuration of concepts under the study was formulated introducing relations between parental socialization, parental caregiving, as well as predominant in main stream English-language literature concept of parenting, and common in Polish literature concept of raising up/upbringing. Building the bridge connecting these concepts is needed for at least two reasons. On the one hand, it is needed for researchers connecting various concepts and theories of the lower level than socialization theory in their analyses, e.g., attachment theory in which parental caregiving is analyzed with parenting framework traditionally having different roots. On the other hand, bridging these concepts may be helpful in connecting Polish tradition of research on raising up/upbringing and main stream foreigner psychological research on parenting and socialization.

Attachment categories or dimensions: The Adult Attachment Scale across three generations in Poland

“…Anxiety reflects the fear of being unloved or rejected (e.g., “I often worry that an important person could leave me”). A combination of attachment theory-based and empirical analysis (Lubiewska, 2019) revealed that three AAS-Dependence items are indicative for attachment security (items 1, 5, and 10 in Table 1; e.g., “I am not sure that I can always depend on others to be there when I need them”).…”

“…Back translation was used to translate the English version of the scale to Polish. Previous studies have tested the parametric properties of the scale in the Polish context in previous studies (Lubiewska, 2019; Lubiewska, Albert, Friedlmeier, & Trommsdorff, 2018) revealing acceptable values of Cronbach’s αs (between .66 and .88 across generations and the AAS subscales).…”

“…Two reasons drove the selection of the Adult Attachment Scale (AAS) instrument (Collins & Read, 1990). First, even though it shares item indicators with the ECR scale studied already, it is composed of items investigating not only attachment avoidance (of closeness) and anxiety but also trust that close others will help in times of distress (dependence items) (Lubiewska, 2019). This kind of security is core for the attachment construct (Bowlby, 1969/1982) and was not analyzed in measures used in previous taxometric self-report studies.…”