Parental Factors, Mass Media Influences, and the Onset of Eating Disorders in a Prospective Population-Based Cohort

Martínez‐González, Miguel Ángel; Gual, Pilar Lloret; Lahortiga, Francisca; Alonso, Yolanda; Irala, Jokin de; Cervera, S

doi:10.1542/peds.111.2.315

Cited by 102 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Use of these products is associated with many of the factors, such as body image concerns and media influences, which are associated with unhealthful weight-control methods among young women. 22,24,25 Our observation that ϳ30% of the girls and boys reported thinking frequently about wanting more defined muscles suggests that concern with muscle definition is a common but often overlooked source of body image concern, and unlike the more common weight-related concerns, it is equally prevalent in both genders. Moreover, this type of body dissatisfaction is associated with use of potentially unhealthful products to improve physique and therefore should be considered in any efforts to prevent or identify unhealthy concerns with body shape.…”

Section: E218mentioning

confidence: 90%

Exposure to the Mass Media, Body Shape Concerns, and Use of Supplements to Improve Weight and Shape Among Male and Female Adolescents

et al. 2005

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To assess the prevalence and correlates of products used to improve weight and shape among male and female adolescents.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted of 6212 girls and 4237 boys who were 12 to 18 years of age and enrolled in the ongoing Growing Up Today Study. The outcome measure was at least weekly use of any of the following products to improve appearance, muscle mass, or strength: protein powder or shakes, creatine, amino acids/hydroxy methylbutyrate (HMB), dehydroepiandrosterone, growth hormone, or anabolic/injectable steroids.Results. Approximately 4.7% of the boys and 1.6% of the girls used protein powder or shakes, creatine, amino acids/HMB, dehydroepiandrosterone, growth hormone, or anabolic/injectable steroids at least weekly to improve appearance or strength. In multivariate models, boys and girls who thought a lot about wanting more defined muscles (boys: odds ratio [OR]: 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-2.2; girls: OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.2-3.2) or were trying to gain weight (boys: OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 2.0 -4.6; girls: OR: 4.3; 95% CI: 1.6 -11.4) were more likely than their peers to use these products. In addition, boys who read men's, fashion, or health/fitness magazines (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.9) and girls who were trying to look like women in the media (OR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.4 -4.0) were significantly more likely than their peers to use products to improve appearance or strength, but hours per week watching television, watching sports on television, and participation in team sports were not independently associated with using products to improve appearance or muscle mass.Conclusions. Girls and boys who frequently thought about wanting toned or well-defined muscles were at increased risk for using potentially unhealthful products to enhance their physique. These results suggest that just as girls may resort to unhealthful means to achieve a low body weight, girls and boys may also resort to unhealthful means to achieve other desired physiques. A lthough weight concerns are less common among male than female individuals, recent data suggest that these concerns are becoming more prevalent. 1 Among female individuals, weight dissatisfaction increases with relative weight, but among male individuals, the relationship is more complicated. 2,3 For both male and female individuals, it is undesirable to be overweight, but for male individuals, it is also undesirable to be too lean or not sufficiently muscular. 2,4 Most of the research on body dissatisfaction has focused on a desire to be thin and the unhealthful methods that people, mainly female individuals, use to achieve that goal. 5,6 The prevalence of a desire to be more muscular and the prevalence of using unhealthful methods to increase muscle mass or definition are less well studied. 7 Most [8][9][10][11][12] but not all studies 13 have found that use of anabolic steroids, a substance known to aid in increasing muscle mass, is more common among male than female individuals. For example, in a large cross-sectional stud...

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Section: E218mentioning

confidence: 90%

Exposure to the Mass Media, Body Shape Concerns, and Use of Supplements to Improve Weight and Shape Among Male and Female Adolescents

et al. 2005

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Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Stronger evidence comes from a few prospective investigations that have observed an association between exposure to the media and the development of disordered eating among young females. [1][2][3]33,34 In the present study, we observed that trying to look like same-sex persons in the media was a stronger risk factor for females than for males, which suggests that programs to prevent the development of bulimic behaviors should incorporate media literacy in their lesson plans.Dieting and high level of concern about weight were strong risk factors for all outcomes among females. These findings highlight the need for parents and health care providers (all medical professionals who might deliver care to this age group) to not dismiss dieting and negative comments about body weight as harmless rites of passage among young females; rather, they should be thought of as potential warning signs to be investigated further.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Family, Peer, and Media Predictors of Becoming Eating Disordered

Field¹,

Javaras²,

Aneja³

et al. 2008

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

145

134

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Objective-To identify predictors of becoming eating disordered among adolescents. Design-Prospective cohort study. Setting-Self-report questionnaires.Subjects-Girls (n=6916) and boys (n=5618), aged 9 to 15 years at baseline, in the ongoing Growing Up Today Study (GUTS).Main Exposures-Parent, peer, and media influences.Main Outcome Measures-Onset of starting to binge eat or purge (ie, vomiting or using laxatives) at least weekly.Results-During 7 years of follow-up, 4.3% of female subjects and 2.3% of male subjects (hereafter referred to as "females" and "males") started to binge eat and 5.3% of females and 0.8% of males started to purge to control their weight. Few participants started to both binge eat and purge. Rates and risk factors varied by sex and age group (<14 vs ≥14 years). Females younger than 14 years whose mothers had a history of an eating disorder were nearly 3 times more likely than their peers to start purging at least weekly (odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-5.9); however, maternal history of an eating disorder was unrelated to risk of starting to binge eat or purge in older adolescent females. Frequent dieting and trying to look like persons in the media were independent predictors of binge eating in females of all ages. In males, negative comments about weight by fathers was predictive of starting to binge at least weekly. Additional Contributions: S. Bryn Austin, ScD, and Ruth Streigel-Moore, PhD, provided comments on preliminary analyses.Author Contributions: Dr Field had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Study concept and design: Field, Camargo, and Laird. Acquisition of data: Field and Camargo. Analysis and interpretation of data: Field, Javaras, Aneja, Kitos, and Taylor. Drafting of the manuscript: Field, Kitos, and Taylor. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Field, Javaras, Aneja, Kitos, Camargo, Taylor, and Laird. Conclusions-Risk factors for the development of binge eating and purging differ by sex and by age group in females. Maternal history of an eating disorder is a risk factor only in younger adolescent females.Concerns about weight and body shape are common in preadolescents and adolescents 1,2 and are probably related to the development of unhealthy weight control behaviors and binge eating. However, because of the lack of large prospective studies of non-treatmentseeking samples, little is known with certainty about the development of disordered eating (eg, engaging in bulimic behaviors) or eating disorders.Although there have not been many large prospective studies of disordered eating (ie, engaging in binge eating or purging) or full-criteria eating disorders 3 among non-treatmentseeking samples, a variety of risk factors for disordered eating and eating disorders have been proposed. The support for some of these purported risk factors is stronger than for others. 4 The risk factors with the strongest support, which a...

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“…Esse dado é compreendido quando se observa que a obesidade e o excesso de peso são altamente estigmatizados e associados com atributos como "preguiça" e "falta de vontade" 18 . Uma observação atenta das revistas femininas e programas de televisão evidencia como o tema da perda de peso e busca do "corpo ideal" é popular e predispõe a uma maior preocupação com o corpo, uso de dietas e comportamentos compensatórios -o que ajuda a entender que indivíduos mais distantes do ideal sociocultural sintam-se piores e mais influenciados e pressionados 19,20 . A comparação entre as categorias de pontuação alta e baixa na SATAQ reforça a maior influência da mídia para as mais velhas e com excesso de peso; esses resultados, no entanto, são pontuais; não há uma relação linear indicando que quanto maior a idade, menor a pontuação, ou quanto maior o IMC, maior a pontuação.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Influência da mídia em universitárias brasileiras de diferentes regiões

Alvarenga

Dunker

Philippi

et al. 2010

J. bras. psiquiatr.

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reSumoA mídia tem impacto na satisfação com a imagem corporal e risco para o desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares. objetivo: Avaliar a influência da mídia em universitárias e possíveis associações com idade, estado nutricional, renda e escolaridade do chefe da família. métodos: 2.489 estudantes do sexo feminino das cinco regiões do Brasil responderam à Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale (SATAQ-3). O escore na SATAQ foi comparado entre as regiões por meio de uma análise de variância. Uma análise de covariância foi utilizada para verificar a influência das variáveis estudadas no escore da SATAQ. Uma regressão logística foi realizada para verificar a interferência conjunta das variáveis em relação à influên-cia da mídia. resultados: Não foram encontradas diferenças regionais na SATAQ total (p = 0,164) e subescalas Internalização atlética (p = 0,293) e Pressão (p = 0,150); houve diferença para as subescalas Internalização geral (p = 0,010) e Informação (p = 0,002

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Parental Factors, Mass Media Influences, and the Onset of Eating Disorders in a Prospective Population-Based Cohort

Abstract: Our results support the role of mass media influences and parental marital status in the onset of eating disorders. The habit of eating alone should be considered as a warning sign of eating disorders.

Cited by 102 publications

References 32 publications

Exposure to the Mass Media, Body Shape Concerns, and Use of Supplements to Improve Weight and Shape Among Male and Female Adolescents

Exposure to the Mass Media, Body Shape Concerns, and Use of Supplements to Improve Weight and Shape Among Male and Female Adolescents

Family, Peer, and Media Predictors of Becoming Eating Disordered

Influência da mídia em universitárias brasileiras de diferentes regiões

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