Parental divorce is associated with an increased risk to develop mental disorders in women

Schaan, Violetta; Schulz, André; Schächinger, Hartmut; Vögele, Claus

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.071

Cited by 49 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have investigated the association between these two variables. However, parental divorce or parents' death is considered a stressful situation (Schaan et al 2019). Previous studies suggest that individuals with higher perceived stress scores and more negative life events are less likely to quit smoking (Lawless et al 2015); adolescents most often considered smoking as a coping strategy helping them to relax (McGee et al 2013).…”

Section: Acds Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of the Young Adults’ Cigarette Dependence (YACD) Scale for the development and validation of the Adolescent Cigarette Dependence Scale (ACDS)

Hallit

Obeïd

Sacre³

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Vulnerable adolescents may lose control over cigarette use within a day or two after smoking their first cigarette, as nicotine dependence (ND) symptoms may appear before actual daily smoking and usually occur at low levels of daily smoking. Moreover, smoking can cause illnesses and promote other types of substance abuse. Therefore, it was deemed essential to adapt the Young Adults' Cigarette Dependence (YACD) Scale to develop and validate the Adolescent Cigarette Dependence Scale (ACDS) in Lebanese adolescents and evaluate whether cumulative cigarette smoking is associated with nicotine dependence and symptoms of dependence. A cross-sectional study was carried out between August and September 2020, during the partial sanitary lockdown imposed by the government to limit COVID-19, coinciding with the summer holidays for most Lebanese. The total sample consisted of 564 community-dwelling adolescents aged 13 to 18. A factor analysis was performed using a varimax rotation. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measurement of sampling adequacy and Bartlett's sphericity test were appropriate. The factors retained corresponded to Eigenvalues > 1. Cronbach's alpha value represented the internal consistency of the scale. The Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC) was used to screen for dependence symptoms. All items of the YACD were extracted, except for items 4 (smoking to concentrate at work) and 18 (smoking as a habit), which yielded a three-factor solution (factor 1 = smoking patterns; factor 2 = positive and negative reinforcements; factor 3 = smoking cessation) with Eigenvalues > 1 (variance explained = 56.18%; KMO = 0.784; Bartlett's sphericity test p < 0.001; α Cronbach = 0.875). The newly generated scale was termed Adolescent Cigarette Dependence Scale (ACDS) and consisted of 19 items. Higher ACDS scores (higher cigarette dependence) were significantly associated with higher HONC scores (higher symptoms of dependence) (rho = 0.647; p < 0.001). Having deceased (B = 8.54) or divorced (B = 4.26) parents and higher cumulative cigarette smoking (B = 0.29) were significantly associated with higher ACDS scores. Higher cumulative cigarette smoking (B = 0.05) was significantly associated with higher HONC scores due to cigarettes. This study could validate a new tool to evaluate nicotine dependence among Lebanese adolescents, the Adolescent Cigarette Dependence Scale (ACDS). This version adapted from the Young Adults' Cigarette Dependence (YACD) Scale is reliable and valuable and correlates well with other scales, such as the HONC. However, further studies are necessary to improve this instrument, adding new questions useful for the diagnosis and evaluation of cigarette dependence.

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Section: Acds Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of the Young Adults’ Cigarette Dependence (YACD) Scale for the development and validation of the Adolescent Cigarette Dependence Scale (ACDS)

Hallit

Obeïd

Sacre³

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Previous studies have found neighbourhood safety [30], self-rated health [10,16,17,20,25,31], smoking [32], and alcohol consumption [32] to confound the association among adults, and furthermore, we included home characteristics, homework load, and grade meaning. Home characteristics were included as we consider two homes as proxy for living in a divorced family and thus a possible additional risk factor for stress [33]. Homework load and grade meaning were included as they in general are seen as risk factors for stress.…”

Section: Potential Confoundersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective social status is an important determinant of perceived stress among adolescents: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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Background: Stress is an increasing public health problem, and the association between stress and subjective social status (SSS) among adolescents has received little attention. SSS in society have shown to be associated with perceived stress, but the association between SSS in school and stress has never been examined. The aim of this study was to explore the association between SSS and perceived stress in Danish adolescent boys and girls.Methods: Data was collected in 2017 in frame of The Danish Occupation of Children and Adolescents Cohort (FOCA cohort), where Danish 9th graders (age 15/16) from 1746 schools participated in a survey (4527 girls, 3654 boys, aged 15 to 16 years). SSS in society and SSS in school were the exposure variables, and the level of perceived stress was the outcome variable. Associations between SSS in school and in society separately with perceived stress was analysed using linear regression models stratified by gender and adjusted to social and health-related factors (e.g. neighbourhood safety, home characteristics, grade meaning, homework load, self-rated health, smoking, alcohol consumption). Results: The mean overall PSS score was 14.7; for girls the score was 16.3, and for boys it was 12.6. The analyses revealed a strong linear association between SSS, in both society and school, and perceived stress. The lower the SSS, the higher perceived stress. The associations were the same for both genders, but girls reported a higher level of stress than did boys. Conclusion:We found that girls reported a higher level of perceived stress than boys. Furthermore, we found a strong association between low SSS in society and especially SSS in school and a high level of perceived stress among Danish adolescents.

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“…Gager et al [ 10 ] found that young children exposed to long-term, high levels of parental conflict are more likely to report ending their own romantic relationships. Adult children who have experienced high interparental conflict during their parent’s divorce are especially vulnerable to developing negative psychological consquences such as “loneliness, chronic stress, attachment avoidance, and attachment anxiety” [ 11 ] (p. 91) and a pattern of emotional dysregulation that places them at greater risk for challenges related to “psychological well-being and interpersonal competence” [ 12 ] (p. 1). As Damota [ 13 ] has reported, divorce is not simply a private concern; it is a social issue with repercussions ranging from major life stress at the individual level to deteriorations in both physical and mental health for all family members in the wake of partner separation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Differentiation of Self and Psychological Adjustment to Separation

et al. 2021

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Many individuals suffer negative mental health consequences such as anxiety and depression following separation from a romantic partner and/or co-parenting conflict due to divorce. Consequently, treating the psychological aftermath of divorce and partner separation remains a predominant concern for mental health practitioners. According to family systems theory, high interdependence and low differentiation of self are associated with a lessened capacity for managing anxiety or adapting to stressful events since intense emotions may inhibit the ability to cope. To assess the relationship between differentiation of self and psychological adjustment to separation, 84 divorced adults completed an online survey. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that a model based on fusion with others, I-position, and emotional cutoff was a statistically significant predictor of lonely/negativity. Bivariate correlation analyses confirmed significant linear relationships between fusion with others, lonely/negativity, and co-parenting conflict. No differences between genders were found. There is a continuing need to develop interventions to address the negative consequences of divorce, help reduce emotional suffering, and encourage healthy co-parenting. Individuals struggling with psychological adjustment post-divorce, or those seeking education for managing the psychological effects of divorce and co-parenting, may benefit from counseling strategies that incorporate an assessment of differentiation of self and psychological adjustment to separation.

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Parental divorce is associated with an increased risk to develop mental disorders in women

Cited by 49 publications

References 49 publications

Adaptation of the Young Adults’ Cigarette Dependence (YACD) Scale for the development and validation of the Adolescent Cigarette Dependence Scale (ACDS)

Adaptation of the Young Adults’ Cigarette Dependence (YACD) Scale for the development and validation of the Adolescent Cigarette Dependence Scale (ACDS)

Subjective social status is an important determinant of perceived stress among adolescents: a cross-sectional study

The Relationship between Differentiation of Self and Psychological Adjustment to Separation

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