Parental care and control during childhood: associations with maternal perinatal mood disturbance and parenting stress

Grant, Kerry Ann; Bautovich, Alison; McMahon, Catherine; Reilly, Nicole; Leader, Leo R.; Austin, Marie‐Paule

doi:10.1007/s00737-012-0292-0

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…These data were consistent with findings that indicated that prenatal attachment improved the ability of mothers to be sensitive to their own children's needs and protect them . Moreover, they constituted a significant confirmation of the attachment intergenerational transmission theory advanced by Bowlby, which showed how the mothers’ attachment pattern to their parents, in particular to their mothers, plays an important role in their future parenting .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Women who had positive relationships with their own mothers reported good attachments to their first child before and after birth

Tani

Castagna²,

Ponti

2017

Acta Paediatrica

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Women who had positive relationships with their own mothers reported good attachments to their first child before and after birth

Tani

Castagna²,

Ponti

2017

Acta Paediatrica

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“…Failure of the new parent to identify an adequate internal blueprint for caregiving, such as might occur in individuals who did not receive appropriate caregiving in their own childhoods, could be associated with role confusion and risk for depression 13 . The findings that adult attachment style [14][15][16] and parenting style experienced in childhood 17 strongly predict perinatal depression are consistent with this second potential causal pathway.…”

Section: Allostatic Load Versus Role Transition In Risk For Perinatalsupporting

confidence: 63%

Epigenetic signatures of attachment insecurity and childhood adversity provide evidence for role transition in the pathogenesis of perinatal depression

et al. 2020

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Early life adversity and insecure attachment style are known risk factors for perinatal depression. The biological pathways linking these experiences, however, have not yet been elucidated. We hypothesized that overlap in patterns of DNA methylation in association with each of these phenomena could identify genes and pathways of importance. Specifically, we wished to distinguish between allostatic-load and role-transition hypotheses of perinatal depression. We conducted a large-scale analysis of methylation patterns across 5 × 10 6 individual CG dinucleotides in 54 women participating in a longitudinal prospective study of perinatal depression, using clustering-based criteria for significance to control for multiple comparisons. We identified 1580 regions in which methylation density was associated with childhood adversity, 3 in which methylation density was associated with insecure attachment style, and 6 in which methylation density was associated with perinatal depression. Shorter telomeres were observed in association with childhood trauma but not with perinatal depression or attachment insecurity. A detailed analysis of methylation density in the oxytocin receptor gene revealed similar patterns of DNA methylation in association with perinatal depression and with insecure attachment style, while childhood trauma was associated with a distinct methylation pattern in this gene. Clinically, attachment style was strongly associated with depression only in pregnancy and the early postpartum, whereas the association of childhood adversity with depression was time-invariant. We concluded that the broad DNA methylation signature and reduced telomere length associated with childhood adversity could indicate increased allostatic load across multiple body systems, whereas perinatal depression and attachment insecurity may be narrower phenotypes with more limited DNA methylation signatures outside the CNS, and no apparent association with telomere length or, by extension, allostatic load. In contrast, the finding of matching DNA methylation patterns within the oxytocin receptor gene for perinatal depression and attachment insecurity is consistent with the theory that the perinatal period is a time of activation of existing attachment schemas for the purpose of structuring the mother-child relationship, and that such activation may occur in part through specific patterns of methylation of the oxytocin receptor gene.

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“…By using these care and protection scores, they defined four parenting styles, namely, optimal parenting (high care/low protection), affectionate constraint (high care/high protection), neglectful parenting (low care/low protection), and affectionless control (low care/high protection). Subsequent studies3–6 show that depressed patients are prone to perceive that they were exposed to affectionless control parenting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived parental affectionless control is associated with high neuroticism

Takahashi¹,

Suzuki²,

Matsumoto³

et al. 2017

NDT

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ObjectiveDepressed patients are prone to perceive that they were exposed to affectionless control by parents. Meanwhile, high neuroticism is a well-established risk factor for developing depression. Therefore, this study examined whether perceived parental affectionless control is associated with high neuroticism.MethodsThe subjects were 664 healthy Japanese volunteers. Perceived parental care and protection were assessed by the Parental Bonding Instrument. Parental rearing was categorized into either optimal parenting (high care/low protection) or three dysfunctional parenting styles including affectionless control (low care/high protection). Neuroticism was evaluated by the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised.ResultsThe subjects with paternal affectionless control had higher neuroticism scores than those with paternal optimal parenting. Similar tendency was observed in maternal rearing. Neuroticism scores increased in a stepwise manner with respect to the increase in the number of parents with affectionless control.ConclusionThe present study shows that perceived parental affectionless control is associated with high neuroticism, suggesting that this parental style increases neuroticism in recipients.

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Parental care and control during childhood: associations with maternal perinatal mood disturbance and parenting stress

Cited by 47 publications

References 47 publications

Women who had positive relationships with their own mothers reported good attachments to their first child before and after birth

Women who had positive relationships with their own mothers reported good attachments to their first child before and after birth

Epigenetic signatures of attachment insecurity and childhood adversity provide evidence for role transition in the pathogenesis of perinatal depression

Perceived parental affectionless control is associated with high neuroticism

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