Parental and predatory behaviour of Scytodes sp., an araneophagic spitting spider (Araneae: Scytodidae) from the Philippines

Li, Daiqin; Jackson, Robert R.; Barrion, A. T.

doi:10.1017/s0952836999003027

Cited by 9 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The factors that influence the dispersal of social spiders are highly varied, ranging from resources and mate competition to inbreeding avoidance. Scytodes is a behaviourally exceptional genus of spiders, yet comparatively little attention has been paid to the dispersal and social behaviour of these spiders (Li, Jackson & Barrion, 1999). To gain insight into the factors that are responsible for dispersal in subsocial spiders, we investigated the natal dispersal and breeding dispersal patterns of a subsocial spitting spider Scytodes pallida from Singapore.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natal dispersal and breeding dispersal of a subsocial spitting spider (Scytodes pallida) (Araneae: Scytodidae), from Singapore

Kuan

2006

Journal of Zoology

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Social spiders are thought to have evolved from subsocial ancestors, species in which siblings have an extended association with their parent, but disperse from the natal nests before reaching reproductive maturity. Therefore, natal dispersal is a factor that may constrain permanent socialization. Understanding the natal dispersal behaviour of subsocial species may provide insights into the sociality of spiders. In this study, we investigated the natal dispersal and breeding dispersal patterns in a subsocial spitting spider Scytodes pallida in Singapore. Spiderlings stayed in their natal nest for 2-3 weeks and then dispersed more or less in clusters, with a short mean travel distance of 218.9 cm. Those from natal nests that contained more spiderlings dispersed earlier and at a smaller body size. The mean distance dispersed significantly increased with the clutch size (the number of spiderlings in a nest). This suggests that competition for nest sites in the vicinity of the natal nest may affect dispersal distance. The results from observations of the breeding dispersal (nest relocation) show that significantly more juveniles than adults, more males than females and more non-brooding (egg free) than brooding (egg carrying) females were likely to relocate their nests. Based on the results of the breeding dispersal, mate competition and inbreeding avoidance do influence the natal dispersal of spitting spiders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natal dispersal and breeding dispersal of a subsocial spitting spider (Scytodes pallida) (Araneae: Scytodidae), from Singapore

Kuan

2006

Journal of Zoology

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“…All individuals of Portia labiata were derived from rearing to second or third generation, with no individuals or their laboratory-reared parents having had prior experience with scytodids. Phintella aequinosus is a leaf-dwelling salticid on which S. pallidus routinely preys in nature (Li et al 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Encounters by Portia with spitting spiders are known to be frequent in only one habitat, Los Baños (Lagunas Province, Luzon) in the Philippines. Here P. labiata preys routinely on S. pallidus, an especially common spitting spider, which is itself primarily a predator of salticids, sometimes including P. labiata (Li et al 1999). This suggests that, during encounters with S. pallidus, it might be especially advantageous for Portia to make risk-related strategic decisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…As their gum is fired from the chelicerae, eggcarrying females can be envisaged as having 'spiked their own guns' (i.e., blocked the outlet). 'Spiking' is not absolute for egg-carrying S. pallidus because they do sometimes lower their eggs from their mouths and spit, but they appear to be reluctant and slow to do so (Li et al 1999). Here we consider whether the Los Baños P. labiata's decision-making processes have become locally adapted to this variation in the intrinsic risk posed by encounters with different individuals of S. pallidus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interpopulation variation in the risk-related decisions of Portia labiata, an araneophagic jumping spider (Araneae, Salticidae), during predatory sequences with spitting spiders

Jackson

Pollard

et al. 2002

Anim Cogn

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The extent to which decision-making processes are constrained in animals with small brains is poorly understood. Arthropods have brains much smaller and simpler than those of birds and mammals. This raises questions concerning limitations on how intricate the decision-making processes might be in arthropods. At Los Baños in the Philippines, Scytodes pallidus is a spitting spider that specialises in preying on jumping spiders, and Portia labiata is a jumping spider that preys on S. pallidus. Scytodid spit comes from the mouth, and egg-carrying females are less dangerous than eggless scytodids because the female uses her chelicerae to hold her eggs. Held eggs block her mouth, and she has to release them before she can spit. The Los Baños P. labiata sometimes adjusts its tactics depending on whether the scytodid encountered is carrying eggs or not. When pursuing eggless scytodids, the Los Baños P. labiata usually takes detour routes that enable it to close in from behind (away from the scytodid's line of fire). However, when pursuing egg-carrying scytodids, the Los Baños P. labiata sometimes takes faster direct routes to reach these safer prey. The Los Baños P. labiata apparently makes risk-related adjustments specific to whether scytodids are carrying eggs, but P. labiata from Sagada in the Philippines (allopatric to Scytodes) fails to make comparable risk-related adjustments.

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“…Eberhard (1974) witnessed Lyssomanes sp. In addition, many removal experiments have shown that most egg sacs disappear in the absence of the mother (Fink, 1986;Gillespie, 1990;Ruttan, 1991;Horel & Gundermann, 1992;Li, Jackson & Barrion, 1999;Viera & Romero, 2008). Egg predation by the kleptoparasitic spider Argyrodes gibbosis (Theridiidae) increased when Cyrtophora citricola (Araneidae) mothers were removed from their egg sacs (Pasquet et al, 1997).…”

Section: Transient Subsocial Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal care and subsocial behaviour in spiders

Yip

Rayor

2013

Biological Reviews

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While most spiders are solitary and opportunistically cannibalistic, a variety of social organisations has evolved in a minority of spider species. One form of social organisation is subsociality, in which siblings remain together with their parent for some period of time but disperse prior to independent reproduction. We review the literature on subsocial and maternal behaviour in spiders to highlight areas in which subsocial spiders have informed our understanding of social evolution and to identify promising areas of future research. We show that subsocial behaviour has evolved independently at least 18 times in spiders, across a wide phylogenetic distribution. Subsocial behaviour is diverse in terms of the form of care provided by the mother, the duration of care and sibling association, the degree of interaction and cooperation among siblings, and the use of vibratory and chemical communication. Subsocial spiders are useful model organisms to study various topics in ecology, such as kin recognition and the evolution of cheating and its impact on societies. Further, why social behaviour evolved in some lineages and not others is currently a topic of debate in behavioural ecology, and we argue that spiders offer an opportunity to untangle the ecological causes of parental care, which forms the basis of many other animal societies.

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Parental and predatory behaviour of Scytodes sp., an araneophagic spitting spider (Araneae: Scytodidae) from the Philippines

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Natal dispersal and breeding dispersal of a subsocial spitting spider (Scytodes pallida) (Araneae: Scytodidae), from Singapore

Natal dispersal and breeding dispersal of a subsocial spitting spider (Scytodes pallida) (Araneae: Scytodidae), from Singapore

Interpopulation variation in the risk-related decisions of Portia labiata, an araneophagic jumping spider (Araneae, Salticidae), during predatory sequences with spitting spiders

Maternal care and subsocial behaviour in spiders

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