The impact of premature birth and perinatal medical status on early mother-infant interaction w a~ assessed in 75 dyads with pre-krm infants divided into three groups. Infants' gestational age at birth and need for neonatal intensive care intervention differentiated the groups: group 1,23-31 weeks with intensive care; group 2, 32-35 weeks with intensive care; group 3,32-35 weeks with no intensive care. The methodological approach was based on observations of the dyads performed when the infant reached a post-conceptional age of 34 weeks (4 weeks before estimated due date of delivery).The observations were conducted in the neonatal nursery during cleaning, face-to-face and feeding interactions. Significant p u p differences were found in infant distress, maternal sensitivity to the infant and dyadic behaviours of positive interaction. G m p 1 dyads showed higher scores or more desirable performance than scores and p e r f o d better than dyads of group 3 , espedly during the feeding situation. We suggest that, in addition to a possible emergence of maternal compensatory mechanisms in the higher risk groups, the amount of dyadic experience after birth affects the quality of mother-infant interaction at this early stage.