Parent-Child Relationships in Hmong Immigrant Families in the United States

Xiong, Zha Blong; Deenanath, Veronica; Mao, Dung

doi:10.1057/9781137296962_6

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Although these findings are similar to other immigrant studies with divorced couples (Law et al, 2019;Rijavec Klobu Čar & Simoni Č, 2017), the meaning behind each reason may differ. For example, in the past, differences in personality and life goals and infidelity were rarely a reason for a divorce to be granted in the Hmong community, since most divorces were decided by lineage or clan members (Xiong et al, 2013). Since marriage was between two families or lineages, the consequence of the divorce to the family relation often took precedence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Reported Reasons for Divorce, Social Support, and Depression: An Exploratory Study With Hmong Women

Her

Xiong

2023

Journal of Family Issues

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Contrary to other Asian Americans, Hmong, a subgroup of Southeast Asians, have seen a steady increase of divorce rates in prior decades. Due to their clan-based patrilineal system and collectivistic values, divorce is stigmatized and discouraged, especially for Hmong women. A mixed-methods approach was used to explore Hmong women’s reasons for divorce, divorce initiation, and the relationship of social support and depression levels. To analyze findings, a thematic content analysis of written responses in addition to regression models were conducted. Our qualitative findings show the most prominent reasons for divorce reported by Hmong women were personality or life differences, abusive behaviors, and infidelity. No statistical significance was found between initiation of divorce and perceived social support or depression and perceived social support. Implications of findings are shared.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Reported Reasons for Divorce, Social Support, and Depression: An Exploratory Study With Hmong Women

Her

Xiong

2023

Journal of Family Issues

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“…Few studies have examined the role of the family in helping refugees adjust and cope with life in the country of destination (Atari-Khan et al, 2021;Detzner et al, 2009;Ellis et al, 2016;Löbel, 2020). Yet, family is the cornerstone of most refugees' lives, and family is defined broader than the nuclear family to also include people in the same clan and extended family members (Boyle & Ali, 2009;Xiong et al, 2013). Given the importance of the family, research suggests that refugees tend to relocate to places where other family members reside or where there are other ethnic community members (Bohra-Mishra & Massey, 2011;Chaney et al, 2018;Hernández-Plaza et al, 2004;Pfeifer et al, 2012).…”

Section: The Role Of Family In Refugee Adjustment and Family Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As part of the Asian American community, Hmong is a collectivist culture, and families are organized based on a patrilineal clan system (Lee, 1996) where individuals sharing the same last name belong to the same clan. As such, families tend to be large, extending beyond the traditional nuclear family and including extended family members (Xiong et al, 2013). For example, it is not uncommon to find Hmong resettling in a particular state where families live near each other or in multigenerational households (Ngo & Lee, 2007;Pfeifer et al, 2012).…”

Section: Hmong Refugee Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Family in Refugee Adjustment: Experiences of Hmong, Somali, and Syrian Refugees in the USA

et al. 2021

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Compared to other immigrants, refugees often face unique challenges and higher levels of trauma due to their abrupt migration. When resettling in a new country, refugees may continue to face trauma, including race-based trauma, which impacts their overall well-being and adjustment. Despite the vast literature on trauma and refugees, few studies have examined the positive role of family in refugee adjustment. Using a qualitative approach, the current study explores the role of family and support from family members in refugee adjustment. Forty participants across three refugee groups (Hmong, Syrian, and Somali) were interviewed in their language of choice. Using thematic analysis, we found four overarching themes: family social support, sense of belonging in the family, family centrality, and ethnic community as an extension of the family and a source of strength. Across the three groups, various forms of support from family members were cited as playing a prominent role in their adjustment. We found how important it was for participants to feel like they belong in their community; those who lacked biological family members sought support and connections in their wider ethnic community (e.g., neighborhoods). Our findings also suggest families playing a key role as many discussed how their lives and daily routines revolved around their families. We propose that future research should focus on examining the role of family as a resource, in refugee adjustment, and include perspectives from several family members.

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“…The scholarship on Hmong immigrants in the United States suggests that clan and kinship relations are the bases of Hmong culture (Koltyk, 1997). The family is situated within the clan structure, and is comprised of the nuclear family, the extended family, and the lineage family (i.e., clan; Dunnigan, 1982; Xiong, Deenanath, & Mao, 2013). Hmong individuals are related through two primary kin categories, as kue tee , individuals with the same last name (i.e., from the same clan) or as neng cha , individuals who are not from the kue tee, but are related through marriage (i.e., in-laws; Dunnigan, 1982; Xiong et al, 2013).…”

Section: Theoretical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The family is situated within the clan structure, and is comprised of the nuclear family, the extended family, and the lineage family (i.e., clan; Dunnigan, 1982; Xiong, Deenanath, & Mao, 2013). Hmong individuals are related through two primary kin categories, as kue tee , individuals with the same last name (i.e., from the same clan) or as neng cha , individuals who are not from the kue tee, but are related through marriage (i.e., in-laws; Dunnigan, 1982; Xiong et al, 2013). Hmong kinship networks are extensive, as individuals in the Hmong community have familial connections either through the kue tee and/or neng cha (Xiong et al, 2013).…”

Section: Theoretical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connecting as “Family” in Educative Relationships: Insights From a Media Program Serving Hmong Immigrant Youth

Ngo¹,

Dyke

LoBello

2017

Urban Education

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This article draws on an ethnographic study of a media program serving Hmong immigrant youth to illuminate perspectives and practices of teaching and learning that draw on Hmong culture's emphasis on family and collectivism. Our explication is guided by the following question: How do a Hmong adult youth program advisor and Hmong youth connect as "family" in an educative relationship? It reveals insight for understanding the ways in which low-income, immigrant youth may be supported within educational contexts imbued by an intimacy and reciprocity that revalues the social and cultural dimensions of their lives. The article significantly advances research on the ways in which educators who share with youth the same racialized identity, neighborhood, and community construct learning environments.

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Parent-Child Relationships in Hmong Immigrant Families in the United States

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Self-Reported Reasons for Divorce, Social Support, and Depression: An Exploratory Study With Hmong Women

Self-Reported Reasons for Divorce, Social Support, and Depression: An Exploratory Study With Hmong Women

Role of Family in Refugee Adjustment: Experiences of Hmong, Somali, and Syrian Refugees in the USA

Connecting as “Family” in Educative Relationships: Insights From a Media Program Serving Hmong Immigrant Youth

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