Parathion Toxicity in Relation to Liver Microsomal Oxidases, Lipid Composition and Fluidity

Purshottam, T; Srivastava, Rajendra K.

doi:10.1159/000138314

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…PB sodium dissolved in water (80 mg/kg) or 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) dissolved in olive oil (20 mg/kg) was injected for 3 consecutive days for the microsomal enzyme induction [9] and soman admin istered 24 h later as described previously [10]. Cobalt chloride dissolved in water (25 mg/kg) was adminis tered 3 h before soman for cyl P-450 inhibition [11], methyl iodide in ethanol (75 mg/kg), 4 h before so man administration for glutathione transferase inhi bition [12] and TOCP in olive oil (125 mg/kg).…”

Section: Treatment O F Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Carboxylesterase in Protection against Soman Toxicity

Purshottam¹,

Srivastava²

1989

Pharmacology

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Rats were injected intraperitoneally with phenobarbital (PB) and 3-methylchol-anthrene (MC) which are microsomal enzyme inducers, and methyl iodide (Mel), cobalt chloride (COCI₂) and tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) which are inhibitors of the enzymes glutathione transferase, cytochrome (cyt) P-450 and carboxylesterase, respectively, and then challenged with soman (i.p.) to know its LD₅₀. Pretreatment with PB and MC increased and TOCP decreased, whereas Mel as well as COCI₂ did not alter the LD50 value of soman in rats. The ½LD₅₀ dose of soman did not affect the liver microsomal cyt P-450 level, but significantly lowered carboxylesterase (CaE) and cholinesterase (ChE) activities in liver microsomes and in blood plasma. Induction of plasma CaE was more important than microsomal CaE in PB-mediated protection against soman toxicity. Gel filtration of plasma into four protein fractions for their relative soman binding capacity showed that a high-molecular-weight protein fraction (180,000 daltons on SDS-PAGE) which had no CaE activity could bind soman 6 times more than the low-molecular-weight CaE-containing protein fraction (60,000 daltons on SDS-PAGE).

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Section: Treatment O F Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Carboxylesterase in Protection against Soman Toxicity

Purshottam¹,

Srivastava²

1989

Pharmacology

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“…This fact prompted several groups to investigate the alterations in the physicochemical properties of membranes produced when these insecticides, which are mostly liposoluble, are inserted into the lipid bilayers. In this regard, studies done in natural membranes from mammals and some other vertebrates (3)(4)(5), an invertebrate (6), and in artificial membranes (7,8) have shown the overall alterations on membrane lipid dynamics produced by organophosphorous insecticides.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of fenitrothion on the physical properties of crustacean lipoproteins

Garcia¹,

Cunningham²,

González-Baró³

et al. 2002

Lipids

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FIG. 3.Steady-state fluorescence anisotropy (r s ), phase lifetime (τ P ), modulation lifetime (τ M ), rotational correlation time (τ r ), and limiting anisotropy (r ∞ ) of (A) DPH and (B) DPH-PA in HDL-1 of Macrobrachium borellii, measured in the absence or presence of 1, 10, and 20 ppm FS at 10 and 30°C. Student's t-test was used to compare the significance of the differences with respect to the sample without FS: ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05. FIG. 4.Steady-state fluorescence anisotropy (r s ), phase lifetime (τ P ), modulation lifetime (τ M ), rotational correlation time (τ r ), and limiting anisotropy (r ∞ ) of (A) DPH and (B) DPH-PA in HDL-2 of M. borellii, measured in the absence or presence of 1, 10, and 20 ppm FS at 10, and 30°C. Student's t-test was used to compare the significance of the differences with respect to the sample without FS: ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.

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confidence: 99%

Effect of fenitrothion on the physical properties of crustacean lipoproteins

Garcı́a

Cunningham

González-Baró

et al. 2002

Lipids

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The effect of the liposoluble organophosphorus insecticide fenitrothion (FS) on lipid packing and rotation of two crustacean plasma HDL was investigated. These lipoproteins, HDL-1 and HDL-2, differed in their lipid composition, but their lipid/protein ratios were similar. The rotational behavior of the fluorescent probes 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and 3-(p-(6-phenyl)-1,3,5-hexatrienyl) phenylpropionic acid (DPH-PA) was used to obtain information about the lipid dynamics in the outer and inner regions, respectively, of the lipid phase of the lipoproteins. Fluorescent steady-state anisotropy (r(s)), lifetime (tau), rotational correlation time (tau(r)), and the limiting anisotropy (r(infinity)) of these probes were measured in the lipoproteins exposed to different concentrations of FS in vitro. The results showed the penetration of FS into both plasma lipoproteins, altering the lipid dynamics of the inner as well as the outer regions. The overall effect of the insecticide was to induce an increase in the lipid order in a concentration-dependent fashion. DPH and DPH-PA fluorescence-lifetime shortening indicated that FS increased the polarity of the probe environment, suggesting an enhanced water penetration into the lipoprotein lipid phase, may be due to the induction of failures in the lipid packing. Even in the absence of FS, a higher ordering of the lipid phase was found in HDL-2 compared to HDL-1, a fact that might be attributed to a higher percentage of sphingomyelin in HDL-2.

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Parathion Toxicity in Relation to Liver Microsomal Oxidases, Lipid Composition and Fluidity

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Role of Carboxylesterase in Protection against Soman Toxicity

Role of Carboxylesterase in Protection against Soman Toxicity

Effect of fenitrothion on the physical properties of crustacean lipoproteins

Effect of fenitrothion on the physical properties of crustacean lipoproteins

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