Parasite Mediation in Ecological Interactions

Price, Peter W.; Westoby, Mark; Rice, Barbara; Atsatt, Peter R.; Fritz, Robert S.; Thompson, John N.; Mobley, Kenyon B.

doi:10.1146/annurev.es.17.110186.002415

Cited by 295 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Consequently, the ranking of performance based upon survivorship and growth in the absence of an insect's enemies can differ from the ranking in the presence of enemies. Natural selection for use of host plants may therefore be based partly on 'enemy-free space' (Lawton & McNeill, 1979;Price et al, 1980Price et al, , 1986. For example, many lycaenid butterfly larvae are tended by ants that may protect the larvae from enemies.…”

Section: Patch Dynamics Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary ecology of the relationship between oviposition preference and performance of offspring in phytophagous insects

Thompson

1988

Entomologia Exp Applicata

1,038

976

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The relationship between oviposition preference and growth, survival, and reproduction of offspring is the crux of the problem in the evolution of host associations between phytophagous insects and plants. Observed relationships between oviposition preference and performance of offspring range from good to poor. At least four hypotheses have been suggested to explain observed use of particular host plants that may not result in the fastest growth rates or greatest pupal masses: time, patch dynamics, parasite versus grazer lifestyles, and enemy-free space. Our current understanding of these relationships, however, is hampered by an almost complete lack of data on how preference and performance are related genetically. These data are needed to understand the origins of covariance between preference and performance and constraints on the evolution of host associations.

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Section: Patch Dynamics Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary ecology of the relationship between oviposition preference and performance of offspring in phytophagous insects

Thompson

1988

Entomologia Exp Applicata

1,038

976

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“…Thus, the highest richness and abundance of gall inducers might lie within an intermediate level of the spectrum of plant stress. Plants exposed to intermediate levels of water and/or nutrient stresses would offer an optimum to gall induction because lower resistance to galling combined with a lower probability of competition and attack by natural enemies (see Price et al, 1986). Intermediate levels of stress may not be strong enough to diminish the performance of the galling larvae, because galling insects are known to be able to drain plant resources far from the gall establishment point, thus improving the local conditions until complete larval development (Larrew, 1982;Rohfritsch, 1992).…”

Section: Palavras-chavementioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a stress hypothesis: hemiparasitism effect on the colonization of Alchornea castaneaefolia A. Juss.uphorbiaceae) by Galling Insects

et al. 2003

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-Stressed plants are generally more attacked by galling insects. In this study we investigated the relationship between population abundance and species richness of galling insects on the tree Alchornea castaneaefolia A. JUSS. (Euphorbiaceae), submited to stress induced by the hemiparasite Psittacanthus sp. (Loranthaceae) in the Amazon, Brazil. Branches of A. castaneaefolia attacked by the hemiparasite were more heavily infested by galling insects than non-attacked branches. The field observations partially corroborate the hypothesis that there would be an optimal level of host-plant stress for galling insect establishment.

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“…Pathogens can reduce host growth rates, directly kill hosts, and make hosts more susceptible to other causes of mortality (Dobson and Hudson 1986, Price et al 1986, Dobson and Crawley 1994. As with fungal infection of A. callidryas eggs, these costs can be stage specific (e.g., Kiesecker and Blaustein 1999).…”

Section: Evolution Of Embryonic Defensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Egg-Killing Fungus Induces Early Hatching of Red-Eyed Treefrog Eggs

Warkentin¹,

Currie²,

Rehner³

2001

Ecology

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Abstract. Pathogens can cause substantial mortality of amphibian eggs. If the timing of hatching is phenotypically plastic, embryos could escape from otherwise lethal infections by hatching early. We tested this with the arboreal eggs of red-eyed treefrogs, Agalychnis callidryas. A filamentous ascomycete (Dothideales: Phaeosphaeriaceae) was present on ϳ7% of egg clutches collected from a pond in the rain forest in Panama and, when present, killed 40% of the eggs, on average. Inoculation experiments confirmed that the fungus attacked and killed healthy embryos, establishing that this fungus is a pathogen of A. callidryas eggs. As predicted from life history theory, embryos hatched earlier from both naturally infected and inoculated clutches than from fungus-free control clutches. Within infected clutches, live embryos in contact with fungal hyphae hatched before those embryos not in contact with the fungus. Accelerated hatching allowed embryos to survive that otherwise would have been killed, and tadpoles hatched from infected clutches were themselves uninfected. Red-eyed treefrog embryos also hatch early if attacked by predators, apparently in response to vibratory cues. Because fungal infection provides no vibratory stimuli, embryos must respond to different cues in fungus-induced hatching than in predatorinduced hatching. The behavioral decision of when to hatch is complex and merits further investigation. Our study indicates that pathogens can influence the timing of life history transitions, as do other stage-specific risks.

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Parasite Mediation in Ecological Interactions

Cited by 295 publications

References 79 publications

Evolutionary ecology of the relationship between oviposition preference and performance of offspring in phytophagous insects

Evolutionary ecology of the relationship between oviposition preference and performance of offspring in phytophagous insects

Evidence for a stress hypothesis: hemiparasitism effect on the colonization of Alchornea castaneaefolia A. Juss.uphorbiaceae) by Galling Insects

Egg-Killing Fungus Induces Early Hatching of Red-Eyed Treefrog Eggs

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