Parasite Antigenemia without Microfilaremia in Bancroftian Filariasis

Weil, Gary J.; Ramzy, Reda M. R.; Chandrashekar, Ramaswamy; Gad, Ahmed; Lowrie, Robert C.; Faris, Rifky

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1996.55.333

Cited by 73 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Most subjects with isolated filarial antigenemia had either dancing worms or subclinical hydroceles. These results provide further evidence that subjects with isolated filarial antigenemia are truly infected with adult filarial worms 12 and that amicrofilaremic infections in men are often associated with subclinical pathology detectable by ultrasound.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Bancroftian filariasis in Egypt: visualization of adult worms and subclinical lymphatic pathology by scrotal ultrasound.

Faris

Hussain

Setouhy

et al. 1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The purpose of this study was to explore the value of scrotal ultrasound as a means of evaluating Bancroftian filariasis. Color Doppler ultrasound examinations were performed to look for subclinical hydroceles and motile adult filarial worms (dancing worms) in dilated lymphatics. Sixty-one male subjects from a filariasis-endemic area in Egypt were studied including 19 clinically normal microfilaria (MF) carriers (seven with dancing worms and eight with subclinical hydroceles), 13 MF-negative subjects with positive filarial antigen test results (three with dancing worms and seven with subclinical hydroceles), 22 exposed subjects with no MF and negative antigen test results (no dancing worms, four subclinical hydroceles), and seven subjects with clinical filariasis (no dancing worms, seven hydroceles). Thus, all men tested with clinical filariasis and most clinically normal subjects with either microfilaremia or filarial antigenemia had abnormal ultrasound examination results. Ultrasound findings often changed after therapy with diethylcarbamazine, with disappearance of dancing worms and development of new scrotal calcifications or hydroceles. This study confirms the value of scrotal ultrasound as a means of noninvasively visualizing adult filarial worms and assessing subclinical lymphatic damage in Bancroftian filariasis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Bancroftian filariasis in Egypt: visualization of adult worms and subclinical lymphatic pathology by scrotal ultrasound.

Faris

Hussain

Setouhy

et al. 1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Indeed, mathematical models based on microfilarial counts have suggested that prevalence may be underestimated by as much as 25-100%. 10 The available tests for CAg can identify infection as early as the first month of patency 11 and, in animal models, they correlate directly with adult worm burden. 12 Although a qualitative rapid-format card test version of the CAg assay has already been applied successfully as a survey tool in filaria-endemic areas, 13 the available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 14 provides quantitative as well as qualitative information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worm burden and host responsiveness in Wuchereria bancrofti infection: use of antigen detection to refine earlier assessments from the South Pacific.

Steel¹,

Ottesen²,

Weller³

et al. 2001

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. A population from the Wuchereria bancrofti-endemic island of Mauke was reevaluated retrospectively by use of the Og4C3 circulating antigen (CAg) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to assess active infection in relation to host responses by age and gender. Use of microfilaremia (Mf) alone misclassified ϳ 50% of infected people, although CAg and Mf levels were positively correlated. Levels of CAg peaked between those aged 31-60 years; men aged Ͼ 60 years had a significantly higher CAg prevalence (Ͼ 90%) than women. Filaria-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 reached maximum levels in both genders at age 51-60 years. By analysis of variance, both age and gender significantly influenced CAg and IgG4, with men having higher levels of both in the total population. Individuals positive for CAg had significantly lower lymphocyte proliferation responses to parasite antigen than did CAg-negative people, regardless of clinical status. This study reemphasizes the importance of CAg measurements for accurately assessing filarial prevalence and clinical status and demonstrates the relationship between active infection and immune responsiveness.

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“…Both CFA tests using mAb Og4C3 and mAb AD.12 are commercially available. Many studies have demonstrated that the CFA detected by mAbs Og4C3 and AD.12 is an indication of the active infection and markers of adult worms burden (More & Coopermann 1990, Chanteau et al 1994, McCarthy et al 1995, Weil et al 1996, Rocha et al 1996.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating filarial antigen in the hydrocele fluid from individuals living in a bancroftian filariasis area - Recife, Brazil: detected by the monoclonal antibody Og4C3-assay

Rocha

Lima

Medeiros

et al. 2004

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Parasite Antigenemia without Microfilaremia in Bancroftian Filariasis

Cited by 73 publications

References 0 publications

Bancroftian filariasis in Egypt: visualization of adult worms and subclinical lymphatic pathology by scrotal ultrasound.

Bancroftian filariasis in Egypt: visualization of adult worms and subclinical lymphatic pathology by scrotal ultrasound.

Worm burden and host responsiveness in Wuchereria bancrofti infection: use of antigen detection to refine earlier assessments from the South Pacific.

Circulating filarial antigen in the hydrocele fluid from individuals living in a bancroftian filariasis area - Recife, Brazil: detected by the monoclonal antibody Og4C3-assay

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