Paraphyly of Cyrtomium (Dryopteridaceae): evidence from rbcL and trnL-F sequence data

Abstract

Cyrtomium is an Asiatic genus characterized by anastomosing veins with included veinlets, and comprises about 40 species. We sequenced rbcL and trnL-F sequences of 19 species of Cyrtomium and eight species from related genera in order to elucidate a molecular phylogeny of the genus using maximum-parsimony methods. The phylogenetic trees did not agree with traditional classifications. Cyrtomium was resolved as paraphyletic, and a clade including subseries Balansana of Cyrtomium, Cyrtogonellum, Polystichum subacutidens and Cyrtomidictyum (the BCPC clade) and a second one containing Cyrtomium sensu stricto were monophyletic. The results also implied that: (1) C. uniseriale was synonymous with C. balansae; (2) C. falcatum was likely the female parent of C. devexiscapulae; and (3) based on the rbcL and trnL-F sequence data, C. nephrolepioides and C. grossum were the female parents of C. shingianum and C. chingianum, respectively, although other evidence is needed for the confirmation of this hypothesis.

Polystichum speluncicola sp. nov. (sect. Haplopolystichum, Dryopteridaceae) Based on Morphological, Palynological, and Molecular Evidence with Reference to the Non-Monophyly of Cyrtogonellum

“…3 ), albeit with no statistical support. This resolution contrasts with results from previous studies ( Lu et al 2005Li et al 2008 ).…”

“…Cyrtogonellum caducum Ching, AY736350, Lu et al (2005) ; Cyrtogo nellum falcilobum Ching ex Y. T. Hsieh, DQ202409, Li et al (2008) ; Cyrtogonellum fraxinellum (Christ) Ching, AY736349, Lu et al (2005) ; Cyrtogonellum inaequalis Ching, AY736351, Lu et al (2005) ; Cyrtogonellum xichouense S. K. Wu & Mitsuda, EU106595, Li et al (2008) ; Cyrtomidictyum lepidocaulon (Hook.) Ching, EF177266, Driscoll and Barrington (2007) , DQ150392, Li et al (2007) ; Cyrtomium balansae (Christ) C.…”

The Evolutionary Dynamics of Apomixis in Ferns: A Case Study from Polystichoid Ferns

“…Sequences of poor quality were excluded if more than one accession per taxon was available. Phylogenetic reconstruction of this data was compared with published phylogenies of polystichoid ferns [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] to highlight any conflicts in the phylogenetic relationships observed. Comparisons were specifically made between our results and the consensus tree provided at the Polystichum website (http://www.uvm.edu/∼dbarring/polystichum.htm).…”

“…To address these questions, we assessed the reported occurrence of apomixis across ferns and reconstructed the evolution of apomixis in polystichoid ferns. The latter are an outstanding example given our knowledge on the phylogeny of this species-rich lineage of derived ferns [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36], including the various reports on reticulate evolution and polyploidy [37], and reports on the reproductive biology of these ferns showing a range of modes from obligate outcrossing to apomixis [34,38,39]. It has been suggested that apomixis may be restricted to three lineages of polystichoid ferns which all have their putative origin in SE Asia [34].…”

A well-sampled phylogenetic analysis of the polystichoid ferns (Dryopteridaceae) suggests a complex biogeographical history involving both boreotropical migrations and recent transoceanic dispersals

“…Haplopolystichum by 24 accessions. Cyrtomium (sensu Zhang and Barrington, 2013b) and Phanerophlebia are both monophyletic (Li et al, 2008;Lu et al, 2005;Yatskievych, 1996;Yatskievych et al, 1988) and geographically more or less restricted to East Asia and southwestern U.S.A. to Central America, respectively. Therefore, we included only three species of Cyrtomium and two of Phanerophlebia in this study.…”