A well-sampled phylogenetic analysis of the polystichoid ferns (Dryopteridaceae) suggests a complex biogeographical history involving both boreotropical migrations and recent transoceanic dispersals

Péchon, Timothée Le; Zhang, Liang; He, Hai; Zhou, Xin‐Mao; Bytebier, Benny; Gao, Xin‐Fen; Zhang, Libing

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.02.018

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 143 publications

(218 reference statements)

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“…The dataset characteristics are presented in Table 1. Comparisons of tree topologies from the MLBS analyses of the individual markers did not identify any wellsupported conflicts (JK ≥ 70%; Zhang & Simmons, 2006;Zhang & al., 2012Le Péchon & al., 2016b;Zhou & al., 2016) except for the positions of Tectaria draconoptera (D.C.Eaton) Copel. : the eight plastid datasets combined resolved this species as sister to T. grandidentata (Ces.)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circumscription and phylogeny of the fern family Tectariaceae based on plastid and nuclear markers, with the description of two new genera: Draconopteris and Malaifilix (Tectariaceae)

Liang

Schuettpelz

Rothfels

et al. 2016

TAXON

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The circumscription and the phylogeny of the fern family Tectariaceae have been controversial. Previous molecular studies have supported the monophyly of this family, with 4–5 genera. However, these studies were exclusively based on plastid markers and relatively small sampling, especially of the non‐Tectaria genera. In the present study, DNA sequences of eight plastid and one nuclear markers of 25 accessions representing 19 species of Tectaria and 58 accessions representing ca. 90% of the non‐Tectaria species in the family (including Arthropteris) were used to infer a phylogeny using maximum likelihood (ML), Bayesian inference, and maximum parsimony. Our major results include: (1) Tectaria as currently circumscribed is not monophyletic and can be divided into three genera: Tectaria s.str., Draconopteris (gen. nov.) from Central to South America, and Malaifilix (gen. nov.) from Malesia; (2) Draconopteris and Malaifilix, the two new genera, together with Pteridrys, form a strongly supported clade; (3) in our ML analyses, the clade containing Draconopteris, Malaifilix, and Pteridrys (the DMP clade) is resolved as sister to the rest of Tectariaceae and Arthropteris is sister to Tectaria + (Hypoderris + Triplophyllum), suggesting that Arthropteris should be treated as a member of Tectariaceae, and thus Tectariaceae contains seven genera: Arthropteris, Draconopteris, Hypoderris, Malaifilix, Pteridrys, Tectaria, and Triplophyllum; (4) with the well‐supported relationships among the members of Tectariaceae, anastomosing venation in the family is inferred to have evolved independently at least three times; (5) Nephrolepis is strongly supported as sister to a clade containing Cyclopeltis, Dracoglossum, and Lomariopsis, and thus we advocate that Lomariopsidaceae include these four genera (plus the unsampled Thysanosoria); and (6) intercontinental dispersal appears to have played an important role in shaping the extant distribution of Tectariaceae.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circumscription and phylogeny of the fern family Tectariaceae based on plastid and nuclear markers, with the description of two new genera: Draconopteris and Malaifilix (Tectariaceae)

Liang

Schuettpelz

Rothfels

et al. 2016

TAXON

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“…Miocene origins for extant diversity have also been observed in mosses (Lewis, Rozzi, & Goffinet, ; Shaw et al., ) and leptosporangiate ferns (Schneider et al., ; Wei et al., ). The age of the oldest Neotropical–Paleotropical disjunctions could relate to boreotropical migration (Davis, Bell, Matthews, & Donoghue, ; Le Péchon et al., ) although a thorough reconstruction is precluded by the lack of fossils. Miocene disjunctions are better explained by LDD, as are the island occurrences of several species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical structure, narrow species ranges, and Cenozoic diversification in a pantropical clade of epiphyllous leafy liverworts

Bechteler¹,

Schäfer‐Verwimp²,

Lee

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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The evolutionary history and classification of epiphyllous cryptogams are still poorly known. Leptolejeunea is a largely epiphyllous pantropical liverwort genus with about 25 species characterized by deeply bilobed underleaves, elliptic to narrowly obovate leaf lobes, the presence of ocelli, and vegetative reproduction by cladia. Sequences of three chloroplast regions (rbcL, trnL‐F, psbA) and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region were obtained for 66 accessions of Leptolejeunea and six outgroup species to explore the phylogeny, divergence times, and ancestral areas of this genus. The phylogeny was estimated using maximum‐likelihood and Bayesian inference approaches, and divergence times were estimated with a Bayesian relaxed clock method. Leptolejeunea likely originated in Asia or the Neotropics within a time interval from the Early Eocene to the Late Cretaceous (67.9 Ma, 95% highest posterior density [HPD]: 47.9–93.7). Diversification of the crown group initiated in the Eocene or early Oligocene (38.4 Ma, 95% HPD: 27.2–52.6). Most species clades were established in the Miocene. Leptolejeunea epiphylla and L. schiffneri originated in Asia and colonized African islands during the Plio‐Pleistocene. Accessions of supposedly pantropical species are placed in different main clades. Several monophyletic morphospecies exhibit considerable sequence variation related to a geographical pattern. The clear geographic structure of the Leptolejeunea crown group points to evolutionary processes including rare long‐distance dispersal and subsequent speciation. Leptolejeunea may have benefitted from the large‐scale distribution of humid tropical angiosperm forests in the Eocene.

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“…Biogeographic histories in ferns are commonly complex because the ancestors of early diverging clades might have dispersed long distances repeatedly or instead have greatly expanded distributions as indicated by our results. For instance, the biogeographic history of Dryopteridaceae is complicated, several disjunctions related to independent long-distance dispersal events over the Indian and the Pacific Ocean during the Neogene in Polystichum were identified ( Le Péchon et al, 2016), and in the Lastriopsids multiple interchanges were inferred between Australia and South America during the Oligocene and Eocene when these two areas were still connected by Antarctica (Labiak et al, 2014). In scaly tree ferns from the Galápagos and Cocos islands independent colonization events were also detected from separate sources in mainland America (Kao et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical reconstruction of climatic and elevation preferences and the evolution of cloud forest-adapted tree ferns in Mesoamerica

Sosa

Ornelas

Ramírez‐Barahona

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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BackgroundCloud forests, characterized by a persistent, frequent or seasonal low-level cloud cover and fragmented distribution, are one of the most threatened habitats, especially in the Neotropics. Tree ferns are among the most conspicuous elements in these forests, and ferns are restricted to regions in which minimum temperatures rarely drop below freezing and rainfall is high and evenly distributed around the year. Current phylogeographic data suggest that some of the cloud forest-adapted species remained in situ or expanded to the lowlands during glacial cycles and contracted allopatrically during the interglacials. Although the observed genetic signals of population size changes of cloud forest-adapted species including tree ferns correspond to predicted changes by Pleistocene climate change dynamics, the observed patterns of intraspecific lineage divergence showed temporal incongruence.MethodsHere we combined phylogenetic analyses, ancestral area reconstruction, and divergence time estimates with climatic and altitudinal data (environmental space) for phenotypic traits of tree fern species to make inferences about evolutionary processes in deep time. We used phylogenetic Bayesian inference and geographic and altitudinal distribution of tree ferns to investigate ancestral area and elevation and environmental preferences of Mesoamerican tree ferns. The phylogeny was then used to estimate divergence times and ask whether the ancestral area and elevation and environmental shifts were linked to climatic events and historical climatic preferences.ResultsBayesian trees retrieved Cyathea, Alsophyla, Gymnosphaera and Sphaeropteris in monophyletic clades. Splits for species in these genera found in Mesoamerican cloud forests are recent, from the Neogene to the Quaternary, Australia was identified as the ancestral area for the clades of these genera, except for Gymnosphaera that was Mesoamerica. Climate tolerance was not divergent from hypothesized ancestors for the most significant variables or elevation. For elevational shifts, we found repeated change from low to high elevations.ConclusionsOur data suggest that representatives of Cyatheaceae main lineages migrated from Australia to Mesoamerican cloud forests in different times and have persisted in these environmentally unstable areas but extant species diverged recentrly from their ancestors.

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A well-sampled phylogenetic analysis of the polystichoid ferns (Dryopteridaceae) suggests a complex biogeographical history involving both boreotropical migrations and recent transoceanic dispersals

Cited by 38 publications

References 143 publications

Circumscription and phylogeny of the fern family Tectariaceae based on plastid and nuclear markers, with the description of two new genera: Draconopteris and Malaifilix (Tectariaceae)

Circumscription and phylogeny of the fern family Tectariaceae based on plastid and nuclear markers, with the description of two new genera: Draconopteris and Malaifilix (Tectariaceae)

Geographical structure, narrow species ranges, and Cenozoic diversification in a pantropical clade of epiphyllous leafy liverworts

Historical reconstruction of climatic and elevation preferences and the evolution of cloud forest-adapted tree ferns in Mesoamerica

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