Paraphenylene diamine exacerbates platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in response to a low dose of collagen

Abstract

-Paraphenylene daimine (PPD) is an aromatic amine that is widely used in several industrial products; however, its toxicity has been reported in several cases of cardiac arrests. As platelets play a key role in cardiovascular diseases, we aimed to determine the impact of PPD in vitro and in vivo on platelet function. Our findings demonstrated that platelet activation and aggregation were strongly enhanced by PPD. Treatment with PPD primed human platelets that became more reactive in response to low doses of collagen. Furthermore, PPD exacerbated thrombus formation in rats in comparison with those untreated. Our results suggest that PPD is an important platelet primer predisposing platelets to promote thrombus formation in response to vascular injury. This should prompt the authorities to consider controlling the marketing of this product.

Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 COVID-19 Vaccine Does Not Alter Platelet Aggregation

“…Platelet aggregation was monitored and recorded as previously described using an 8-channel optical aggregometer (SD Medical Innovation; Frouard, France). 15 Our results show, as demonstrated in several published studies, [4][5][6] that platelets from COVID-19 patients are hyperreactive (►Fig. 1A).…”

“…Platelet aggregation was monitored and recorded as previously described using an 8-channel optical aggregometer (SD Medical Innovation; Frouard, France). 15…”

Para-phenylenediamine, an oxidative hair dye ingredient, increases thymic stromal lymphopoietin and proinflammatory cytokines causing acute dermatitis

“…P-PD has long been used as an ingredient of oxidative hair dyes and known to cause contact allergy for many decades. Previous studies have reported that P-PD induces apoptosis in human urothelial cells and exacerbates thrombus formation upon vascular injury [26,27]. To our knowledge, this study is the first to show that P-PD increases the production of TSLP in keratinocytes and a mouse model.…”

Aspirin use Reduces Platelet Hyperreactivity and Degranulation in COVID-19 Patients

“…Washed platelets were prepared as previously described. 21,22 Aggregation of washed platelets was monitored on an eight-channel optical aggregometer (SD Medical Innovation, France) under stirring conditions (1,000 revolutions per minute) at 37°C in the presence of α-thrombin (Sigma Aldrich, USA) or collagen (Chronolog, USA). Platelet aggregation was recorded until trace stabilization and light transmission was measured at time of maximum aggregation.…”