Paraoxonase-1 and other factors related to oxidative stress in psoriasis

Abstract

A b s t r a c tIntroduction: Psoriasis is considered as a risk factor for atherosclerosis and contributes to myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease and brain stroke. Aim: To estimate the atherogenic potential of psoriasis by analysing antioxidative and prooxidative factors (paraoxonase-1, α-tocopherol, uric acid, homocysteine), compare levels of these parameters between groups of psoriatic patients and healthy individuals as well as to analyse the impact of psoriasis severity and duration on the factors under the study and to define correlation between the marked factors and patients' lifestyles, body mass index (BMI) and abdominal circumference. Material and methods: The investigated group consisted of 66 patients with psoriasis vulgaris, while the control group comprised 30 persons. Both groups were comparable as regards their age, sex and BMI as well as abdominal circumference.Results: A significantly lower activity of paraoxonase-1 (p < 0.001), level of tocopherol (p < 0.05) and significantly higher concentration of homocysteine (p < 0.01), uric acid (p < 0.05) were found in patients with psoriasis as compared to the reference group. A higher homocysteine level occurs in patients with a negative family history of psoriasis (p < 0.05). In the group of patients with psoriasis and metabolic syndrome, the uric acid level was significantly higher (p < 0.05). Concentration of uric acid correlated negatively with the abdominal circumference value (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Psoriasis promotes arteriosclerosis development by decreasing the levels of antiatherogenic and increasing the levels of proatherogenic agents. Adverse changes in psoriatic patients involve activity of paraoxonase-1, levels of α-tocopherol, uric acid, homocysteine as compared to healthy individuals selected by their age, BMI and abdominal circumference value.

Oxidative Stress as an Important Contributor to the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis

“…Oxidized phospholipids can play an important role in many inflammatory diseases and mediate proinflammatory changes. Cells need low ROS level to function properly; however, excessive production is associated with disease states [ 17 ]. Moreover, the value of markers determining the level of oxidative stress and antioxidants are most often correlated with the severity of disease.…”

“…It should be emphasized that vitamin E (also called tocopherol) is involved in the creation of a physiological barrier, which makes it the most important non-enzymatic antioxidant [ 19 ]. Additionally, decreased α-tocopherol levels are observed in people with Ps [ 17 ]. As mentioned earlier, ROS participate in the protection of cells against pathogens or apoptosis with a properly functioning intracellular system.…”

“…PON1 is located on the surface of this type of lipoprotein and, together with HDL, forms a protective structure against diseases associated with oxidative stress, especially against lipid peroxidation (both types HDL and LDL) [ 33 , 65 ]. PON1 activity does not correlate with PASI [ 66 ], but correlates with the level of apolipoprotein 1 [ 17 , 67 ]. However, sometimes PON1 activity may result from various polymorphic modifications.…”

“…However, sometimes PON1 activity may result from various polymorphic modifications. As reported by Asefi et al, patients with the PON1-L55M variant (conversion of leucine to methionine at position 55) may be at greater risk of psoriasis [ 17 , 68 ]. Furthermore, α-tocopherol supplementation may contribute to the normalization of PON1 [ 69 ].…”

“…Furthermore, α-tocopherol supplementation may contribute to the normalization of PON1 [ 69 ]. To date, most PON1 studies have been conducted in Asia and no large-scale studies have been conducted in Europe [ 17 ]. Increased myeloperoxidase activity may affect PON1 and HDL levels [ 33 ].…”