Parametric modeling approach for economic and environmental life cycle assessment of medium-duty truck electrification

Lee, Dong-Yeon; Thomas, Valerie M.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.139

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…MDV ICE capex is assumed to stay stable, according to Yeon and Thomas [102], from which the class 6 vehicle is regarded. In analogy to BUS, the LDV platform share of 74% is also applied for MDV vehicles.…”

Section: Capital Expendituresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Transportation Demand Development with Impacts on the Energy Demand and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in a Climate-Constrained World

et al. 2019

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The pivotal target of the Paris Agreement is to keep temperature rise well below 2 °C above the pre-industrial level and pursue efforts to limit temperature rise to 1.5 °C. To meet this target, all energy-consuming sectors, including the transport sector, need to be restructured. The transport sector accounted for 19% of the global final energy demand in 2015, of which the vast majority was supplied by fossil fuels (around 31,080 TWh). Fossil-fuel consumption leads to greenhouse gas emissions, which accounted for about 8260 MtCO2eq from the transport sector in 2015. This paper examines the transportation demand that can be expected and how alternative transportation technologies along with new sustainable energy sources can impact the energy demand and emissions trend in the transport sector until 2050. Battery-electric vehicles and fuel-cell electric vehicles are the two most promising technologies for the future on roads. Electric ships and airplanes for shorter distances and hydrogen-based synthetic fuels for longer distances may appear around 2030 onwards to reduce the emissions from the marine and aviation transport modes. The rail mode will remain the least energy-demanding, compared to other transport modes. An ambitious scenario for achieving zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 is applied, also demonstrating the very high relevance of direct and indirect electrification of the transport sector. Fossil-fuel demand can be reduced to zero by 2050; however, the electricity demand is projected to rise from 125 TWhel in 2015 to about 51,610 TWhel in 2050, substantially driven by indirect electricity demand for the production of synthetic fuels. While the transportation demand roughly triples from 2015 to 2050, substantial efficiency gains enable an almost stable final energy demand for the transport sector, as a consequence of broad electrification. The overall well-to-wheel efficiency in the transport sector increases from 26% in 2015 to 39% in 2050, resulting in a respective reduction of overall losses from primary energy to mechanical energy in vehicles. Power-to-fuels needed mainly for marine and aviation transport is not a significant burden for overall transport sector efficiency. The primary energy base of the transport sector switches in the next decades from fossil resources to renewable electricity, driven by higher efficiency and sustainability.

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Section: Capital Expendituresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Transportation Demand Development with Impacts on the Energy Demand and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in a Climate-Constrained World

et al. 2019

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“…The lack of clear goals in the literature had originally been highlighted by Norderlöf et al in 2014 [2] and no improvement has been noticed so far. Among the revised studies only 4 abided by all the requirements from ISO 14040 [8][9][10][11]. According to ISO 14044 "In defining the goal of an LCA, the following items shall be unambiguously stated: The intended application; the reasons for carrying out the study; the intended audience, i.e., to whom the results of the study are intended to be communicated; whether the results are intended to be used in comparative assertions intended to be disclosed to the public".…”

Section: Goal and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore the The interesting aspect is that among these, seven studies use marginal mixes along with average mixes. Some of these consider alternatively one mix or the other as a matter of sensitivity analysis [22], others for testing results with the mix of higher GHG intensity [10], others use different mixes for different time horizon, due to difficulties in determining the marginal mix in future energy systems [22,37].…”

Section: Marginal Mixes Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electricity Generation in LCA of Electric Vehicles: A Review

et al. 2018

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: Life Cycle assessments (LCAs) on electric mobility are providing a plethora of diverging results. 44 articles, published from 2008 to 2018 have been investigated in this review, in order to find the extent and the reason behind this deviation. The first hurdle can be found in the goal definition, followed by the modelling choice, as both are generally incomplete and inconsistent. These gaps influence the choices made in the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) stage, particularly in regards to the selection of the electricity mix. A statistical regression is made with results available in the literature. It emerges that, despite the wide-ranging scopes and the numerous variables present in the assessments, the electricity mix’s carbon intensity can explain 70% of the variability of the results. This encourages a shared framework to drive practitioners in the execution of the assessment and policy makers in the interpretation of the results.

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“…In addition, there are many studies concerning the use of parametric approaches to link LCA with design. Lee et al use a parametric modelling approach to evaluate economic and environmental life cycle trade-offs of medium-duty electric trucks in comparison with nine non-electric technologies [19]. Miller et al conduct the parametric modelling of life cycle GHG emissions from photovoltaic power and analyse the impacts of photovoltaic power developments on GHG emissions [20].…”

Section: Life Cycle Assessment (Lca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the overall electricity consumption of regenerative suspension (EC Sus ) in (kW h) can be obtained using Equation (19).…”

Section: Modelling Of Regenerative Suspensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considering Well-to-Wheels Analysis in Control Design: Regenerative Suspension Helps to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Battery Electric Vehicles

Sun

Chen

et al. 2019

Energies

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Recent research has investigated the energy saving potential of regenerative suspension. However, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission mitigation potential of regenerative suspension in battery electric vehicles (BEVs) has not been considered. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a typical method for evaluating GHG emissions but is rarely used in vehicle control design. Here we explore the effects of regenerative suspension on reducing the GHG emissions from a BEV, whose control design considers well-to-wheels (WTW) analysis. The work first conducts the WTW analysis and modelling of the GHG emissions from a BEV equipped with regenerative suspension. Based on the models, the relation between suspension control parameters and GHG emissions is obtained. To reach a compromise between dynamic performance and environmental benefit, two types of control parameters are recommended and their switch rules during the operation are proposed. Finally, we take a case study with different driving cycles, road levels and country contexts. The results show that considering WTW analysis in control design can contribute to GHG emission mitigation, especially for countries that have a high-carbon intensity of the electricity grid. These findings provide a quantitative reference for technology path decision on regenerative suspension. This paper may provide a new insight for employing LCA in vehicle design.

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Parametric modeling approach for economic and environmental life cycle assessment of medium-duty truck electrification

Cited by 37 publications

References 34 publications

Global Transportation Demand Development with Impacts on the Energy Demand and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in a Climate-Constrained World

Global Transportation Demand Development with Impacts on the Energy Demand and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in a Climate-Constrained World

Electricity Generation in LCA of Electric Vehicles: A Review

Considering Well-to-Wheels Analysis in Control Design: Regenerative Suspension Helps to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Battery Electric Vehicles

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