Parameters of biological circulation of phytomass and nutritional elements in crop rotations

Abstract

The research shows, that an increase of phytocoenoses provided an increase of phytomass volume in the biological cycle from 63.5 to 114.3 t/ha. The yield of phytomass in a crop rotation, different in structure and set of crops, was as follows: for four-field and five-field crop rotation - 63.5-86.7 t/ha, six field - 89.4, seven-field - 96.9, and eight-field - 114.3 t/ha. The optimization of the ratio of grain, technical and fodder crops allowed us to regulate quantitative parameters of crops’ phytomass, which was alienated from agrocoenosis. The yield of the main products, alienated from the field was, as follows: in four-field crop rotation -20.7 t/ha, five-field - 26.6, six-field -37.8, seven field -28.4 and eight field - 41.3 t/ha, which was 32.6%, 30.7%, 42.3%, 29.3% and 36.1%,respectively. The rest returned to the soil with by-products and crop remains. The total amount of nutrients (NPK) in the phytomass, involved in the circulation, was within the range for four-field crop rotation (100% of grain crops) – 1.814 kg/ha, five-field (80% grain and 20% technical) – 2.368 kg/hectare, six-field (66.8% of cereals, 33.2% of technical ones) - 2,599 kg/ha, seven-field (57.2% of cereals and 42.8% of technical) - 2.956 kg/ha, eight-field (62.5% of cereals, 25.0 % of technical, 12.5% of fodder) –3.491 kg/ha.

Post-Harvest Siderates and Soil Hardness

“…At the same time, such increased soil hardness is unacceptable for root crops and vegetables, and its optimal parameters should not exceed 5-10 kg/cm 2 [Medvedev, 2009; Karpenko et al, 2020a]. The upper limit of soil hardness for potato growing, after which conditions of crop development deteriorate, is considered to be 5-6 kg/cm 2 [Bondareva, 1982;Litvinov et al, 2019;Karpenko et al, 2020b]. Thus, soil hardness is very important for the growth and development of crops and especially for their root systems.…”

Influence of agricultural systems and basic tillage on soil microorganisms number under winter wheat crops of the Right-bank Forest-Dteppe of Ukraine

“…However, such a comprehensive approach in terms of its impact on soil microflora has not been sufficiently studied. This issue is especially relevant today, as there is a problem of obtaining environmentally friendly products (Litvinov et al, 2019;Karbivska et al, 2019a;Butenko et al, 2019). Thus, the aim of our research was to establish the impact of agricultural systems on the species composition of microorganisms and its change during the growing season of winter wheat against the background of various measures of basic tillage and farming systems in Separated subdivision of NULES of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station".…”

The Typicality of Hydrothermal Conditions of the Forest Steppe and Their Influence on the Productivity of Crops

“…Many modern challenges, namely the scarcity of fresh water, energy and food, the biodiversity decline, the increase in the number and intensity of natural phenomena, the soil degradation and other problems, are largely due to the climate alteration. Scientists claim that, in recent years, climate change in Europe has gathered pace through the increasing variability in air temperature and rainfall dynamics (Pachauri and Meyer, 2014;Collins et al, 2013;Huang et al, 2016;Feng and Fu, 2013;Lin et al, 2016;Fu et al, 2016;Litvinov et al, 2019).…”