The problem of post-harvest winter rapeseed crops usage influencing siderate and green fodder, oil radish impacting siderate and forage, root and post-harvest remains of winter wheat, and also cattle manure (40 t/ha) influencing the weed littering of maize and grain under conditions of grain-cultivated crop rotation has been revealed by PS of NUBiP of Ukraine - Agronomic research station. It has been proved that the cleanest crops of maize on the typical low-humus and light-loamy black soils remained in the variants where its predecessors were oil radish and winter rape on green fertilizer. Compared to control (root and post-harvest remains of winter wheat), weed amount decreased by 54 and 37% accordingly. Oil radish had a sufficient toxic effect on weeds as it was evidenced by their weight which in this variant decreased under shelf cultivation by 72% and under chisel cultivation - by 61%. Higher yield of maize for both chisel and shelf cultivation was forming in variants with oil radish for siderate and green fodder. The yield increase was 0.3-1.0 under shelf cultivation and 0.7-1.2 t/ha under chisel cultivation.
The influence of different agriculture systems and measures of basic tillage on nutrient regime, its relation to the number of microorganisms involved in transformation of organic matter in typical black soils was studied. Direction of the formation processes of some physiological indices in the field of wheat winter was investigated. It was found that the most favorable conditions of nutrition and soil microflora development, as well as indices of crop growth and development are created when using ecological system of agriculture.
The results of studying the influence of different systems of agriculture and measures of basic tillage on the number of microorganisms and its phytotoxicity in the field of winter wheat are presented. It is proved that different systems of agriculture and measures of basic tillage do not equally affect the microbiological activity of the rhizosphere of winter wheat in the number and species composition of microorganisms. As a result, the variants created different conditions for the course of biochemical processes in the soil and the formation of crop yields. Moldboard-boardless tillage and the ecological system of agriculture proved to be more promising.
Productivity and mowing periods of various cereal grasses on sod-podzolic soil of Pre-Carpathians were studied. The presence of sown grasses with different ripeness periods provides uniform supply of mowing mass from the middle of May till late September and productivity of lands, which is 5.4-6.8 t ha -1 of dry mass, exchange energy -44.1-56.8 GJ ha -1 and 3.81-4.87 t ha -1 f.u. On the basis of the obtained results, it was found that with increase of tillage depth from 8-10 cm for surface tillage with disk tools to 20-22 cm by plowing, the productivity of all studied species increased by 2-3% on average for three years with fertilization dose of LSD 05 equal to 0.30 t ha -1 . Cultivation of cereal grasses on sod-podzolic soils stipulates improvement of their fertility, in particular increasing indices of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
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