Parameters Influencing the Growth of ZnO Nanowires as Efficient Low Temperature Flexible Perovskite-Based Solar Cells

Dymshits, Alex; Iagher, Lior; Etgar, Lioz

doi:10.3390/ma9010060

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Mathews et al firstly reported a flexible ZnO nanorod‐based PSC with electrodeposited ZnO seed layer and ZnO nanorods scaffold, obtaining an efficiency of 8.9% on rigid FTO glass and 2.62% on flexible ITO‐PET substrate, respectively . Though the efficiency of low‐temperature processed ZnO nanorod‐based PSC was further improved to 9.06% by Etgar et al, it is still far away from satisfactory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mathews et al firstly reported a flexible ZnO nanorod-based PSC with electrodeposited ZnO seed layer and ZnO nanorods scaffold, obtaining an efficiency of 8.9% on rigid FTO glass and 2.62% on flexible ITO-PET substrate, respectively. [22] Though the efficiency of low-temperature processed ZnO nanorod-based PSC was further improved to 9.06% by Etgar et al, [31] it is still far away from satisfactory. This work demonstrated low-temperature (90 C) processed superaligned ZnO nanorods (SAZNRs) ETM as the mesostructured scaffold, thus inducing combinational effects of controlling the perovskite crystallization process and enhancing the robustness toward physical bending.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bending Durable and Recyclable Mesostructured Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Superaligned ZnO Nanorod Electrode

et al. 2018

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Though high‐quality perovskite films can be achieved under low‐temperature, the efficient charge selective materials, such as the most widely used TiO2, require high‐temperature sintering process, hindering mass production with roll‐to‐roll process by using flexible substrate. Here, a low‐temperature (90 °C) process is developed for preparing superaligned ZnO nanorods (SAZNRs), serving as mesostructured scaffold in direct contact with the perovskite layer. By rational design of the length of the SAZNRs, the perovskite solar cell (PSC), reaches a highest power conversion efficiency of ≈13.8% with largely suppressed hysteresis behavior. More importantly, this nano‐array design demonstrates outstanding mechanical robustness after being incorporated onto the flexible substrate, resulting in a performance preservation of 90% after 1000 bending cycles with a curvature radius of 4 mm. Finite element analysis indicate that the reduction of device performance after bending is ascribed to the cracks occurred in AZO stress concentration layer, which is attested by experiment as well. Besides, the SAZNRs ETM can be reused for fabricating new perovskite solar cells with comparable photovoltaic performance in a time‐saving and scalable manner, paving the way for industrial production of PSCs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bending Durable and Recyclable Mesostructured Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Superaligned ZnO Nanorod Electrode

et al. 2018

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“…These include single nanowires (NWs) [2], vertical NW arrays [3,4], lateral NW arrays [5], template-based nanotube (NT)/NW arrays [6,7] and other morphologies [8,9]. Alongside their use in NGs, ZnO NWs have also been studied for applications in solar cells [10,11] and gas sensing [12]. In the context of vibrational energy harvesting, NWs outperform bulk or thin film structures due to their high aspect ratio and high surfaceto-volume ratio, which provide improved sensitivity to lowamplitude ambient vibrations and reduced fragility [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertically aligned zinc oxide nanowires electrodeposited within porous polycarbonate templates for vibrational energy harvesting

et al. 2016

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A piezoelectric nanogenerator has been fabricated using a simple, fast and scalable template-assisted electrodeposition process, by which vertically aligned zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires were directly grown within a nanoporous polycarbonate (PC) template. The nanowires, having average diameter 184 nm and length 12 μm, are polycrystalline and have a preferred orientation of the [100] axis parallel to the long axis. The output power density of a nanogenerator fabricated from the as-grown ZnO nanowires still embedded within the PC template was found to be 151 ± 25 mW m−3 at an impedance-matched load, when subjected to a low-level periodic (5 Hz) impacting force akin to gentle finger tapping. An energy conversion efficiency of ∼4.2% was evaluated for the electrodeposited ZnO nanowires, and the ZnO–PC composite nanogenerator was found to maintain good energy harvesting performance through 24 h of continuous fatigue testing. This is particularly significant given that ZnO-based nanostructures typically suffer from mechanical and/or environmental degradation that otherwise limits their applicability in vibrational energy harvesting. Our template-assisted synthesis of ZnO nanowires embedded within a protective polymer matrix through a single growth process is thus attractive for the fabrication of low-cost, robust and stable nanogenerators.

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“…In recent years, photovoltaic research has witnessed a rapid emergence of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite materials and devices based upon this material. With a generic chemical formula of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , this material possesses important merits including its direct band gap, large absorption coefficient, and high carrier mobility, in addition to the possibility of being deposited using simple, lowcost processes such as spin coating or dip coating [6,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Temperature Solution Process of Al-Doped ZnO Nano-flakes for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells

Nam

et al. 2019

J. Electrochem. Sci. Technol

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Herein we report on the selective synthesis and direct growth of nanostructures using an aqueous chemical growth route. Specifically, Al-doped ZnO (AZO) nanoflakes (NFs) are vertically grown on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheets at low temperature and ambient environment. The morphological, optical, and electrical properties of the NFs are investigated as a function of the Al content. Furthermore, these AZO-NFs are integrated into perovskite solar devices as the electron transport layer (ETL) and the fabricated devices are tested for photovoltaic performance. It was determined that the doping of AZO-NFs significantly increases the performance metrics of the solar cells, mainly by increasing the short-circuit current of the devices. The observed enhancement is primarily attributed to the improved conductivity of the doped AZO-NF, which facilitates charge separation and reduces recombination. Further, our flexible solar cells fabricated through this low temperature process demonstrate an acceptable reproducibility and stability when exposed to a mechanical bending test.

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Parameters Influencing the Growth of ZnO Nanowires as Efficient Low Temperature Flexible Perovskite-Based Solar Cells

Cited by 34 publications

References 20 publications

Bending Durable and Recyclable Mesostructured Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Superaligned ZnO Nanorod Electrode

Bending Durable and Recyclable Mesostructured Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Superaligned ZnO Nanorod Electrode

Vertically aligned zinc oxide nanowires electrodeposited within porous polycarbonate templates for vibrational energy harvesting

Low-Temperature Solution Process of Al-Doped ZnO Nano-flakes for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells

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