Parameters Affecting I–V Hysteresis of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells: Effects of Perovskite Crystal Size and Mesoporous TiO2 Layer

Kim, Hui‐Seon; Park, Nam‐Gyu

doi:10.1021/jz501392m

Cited by 1,017 publications

(801 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…This improved extraction can prevent the accumulation of excess capacitive charge that leads to hysteresis. 19 This explanation is supported by the observation of an increased hysteresis appearing at very fast scan rates ( Figure S3) 35 when settling time is insufficient to eliminate the effect of stored charge. PCBM may also be passivating interface states that trap charge carriers, both at the junction 26 and at grain boundaries.…”

Section: Applied Physics Letters 106 143902 (2015)mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…16 A two-step interdiffusion approach has recently been shown to result in high quality films in an OPV-style structure. 17 Unfortunately, planar devices have also been shown to be more susceptible to hysteretic effects 18,19 which have been attributed to the migration of ions within the perovskite film. 20,21 The ionic current can arise due to unpassivated trap states that are found at perovskite grain boundaries due to non-ideal formation conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A two-step route to planar perovskite cells exhibiting reduced hysteresis

Quan

Adachi

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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A simple two-step method was used to produce efficient planar organolead halide perovskite solar cells. Films produced using solely iodine containing precursors resulted in poor morphology and failed devices, whereas addition of chlorine to the process greatly improved morphology and resulted in dense, uniform perovskite films. This process was used to produce perovskite solar cells with a fullerene-based passivation layer. The hysteresis effect, to which planar perovskite devices are otherwise prone, was greatly suppressed through the use of this interface modifier. The combined techniques resulted in perovskite solar cells having a stable efficiency exceeding 11%. This straightforward fabrication procedure holds promise in development of various optoelectronic applications of planar perovskite films.

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Section: Applied Physics Letters 106 143902 (2015)mentioning

confidence: 85%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A two-step route to planar perovskite cells exhibiting reduced hysteresis

Quan

Adachi

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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“…c) The time scale of hysteresis is in the range of ≈10 to 100 s, [117,118] which is in great contrast to the typical charge generation/recombination processes (≈ns) in PSCs. [119] d) The hysteresis strongly depends on the external scanning parameters, [120][121][122] such as scan rate, amplitude of external electrical field, scanning direction, pre-scanning conditions, etc. During the last years, different mechanisms have been proposed to be responsible including 1) ferroelectricity, 2) charge trapping/detrapping, and 3) ionic migration.…”

Section: Origin Of Hysteresismentioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

Petrus

Schlipf

Cheng

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

312

201

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following statement: These materials can be processed from solution and yet exhibit optoelectronic materials properties described in classic solid-state physics textbooks. This unprecedented combination has led to photovoltaic devices that can be processed at room temperature and achieve performance levels similar to industry giant polycrystalline silicon, from a starting point of 3.8% in 2009. [1][2][3][4] The first light-emitting electrochemical cells [5] and diodes [6][7][8] have also been introduced recently, leading to tunable light emission spectra and internal quantum efficiencies exceeding 15%.The road towards these achievements has been marked by a constant improvement of perovskite deposition techniques fueled by our increasing understanding of the crystallization processes. The choice of deposition technique, either from solution or vapor, and the composition and order in which precursor species are applied has a great influence on the crystallization kinetics. Here, one can distinguish one-step methods where the perovskite is formed from a precursor mixture dissolved in a common solution, and two-step methods where the inorganic compound is deposited first and transformed to the perovskite phase later by addition of the organic constituents. [9][10][11] Furthermore, many parameters during processing can have an effect on the crystallization mechanism and consequently on film morphology, such as the choice of solvents, concentrations and processing additives that are often not incorporated into the final product. [11][12][13] We discuss this aspect in Section 2, where we focus our attention on the most commonly employed solution-based techniques. Additionally, as for any new technology trying to displace an incumbent technology, higher efficiencies, lower costs, reproducibility, stability, and sustainability are paramount. In particular, reproducibility has been a major challenge in perovskite solar cells from the beginning: small variations in morphology, like crystal size, film roughness, and pinholes can have detrimental effects on photovoltaic performance. [14] On the other hand, current-voltage measurements often showed a hysteresis that is rarely seen in other photovoltaic technologies. [15] These topics are highlighted in Sections 3 and 4. Finally, in Section 5 we discuss the framework for market introduction, such as cost reduction by choosing low-cost charge transport layers, or how the lifetime of perovskite absorbers can be extended by the choice of materials composition.Hybrid metal halide perovskites have become one of the hottest topics in optoelectronic materials research in recent years. Not only have they surpassed everyone's expectations and achieved similar performance as tried and true polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic devices, but they are also finding applications in a variety of different fields, including lighting. The main advantages of hybrid metal halide perovskites are simple processability, compatible with large-scale solution processing such as roll-to-roll printing, a...

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“…Several authors have reported on this effect and speculated about the causes. [18][19][20][21][22] Some recent articles present cell designs that minimize this hysteresis. 23,24 In this article, we describe the hysteresis effect in additional detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 All three of these possibilities remain in the debate. 5,19,20,20,25 Along with the addition of crystal size effects 21 . It has been proposed that an optimum mesoporous TiO 2 film thickness minimizes the JV hysteresis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optoelectronic Studies of Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells with Mesoporous TiO₂: Separation of Electronic and Chemical Charge Storage, Understanding Two Recombination Lifetimes, and the Evolution of Band Offsets during J–V Hysteresis

et al. 2015

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We have examined methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) cells of the design FTO/sTiO 2 / mpTiO 2 /MAPI/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au using fast opto-electronic techniques including transient photovoltage, differential capacitance, charge extraction, current interrupt, and chronophotoamperometry. The data allow several important conclusions regarding the physics and proper characterization of these cells. 1) In mpTiO 2 /MAPI cells there are two kinds of extractable charge stored under operation: a capacitive electronic charge (~0.2 µC/cm 2 ), and another, much larger, charge (40 µC/cm 2 ) which could be the result of dipole realignment, or the effect of mobile ions. The capacitive charge is ~10 times smaller than in mpTiO 2 /dye/SpiroOMeTAD cells with similar mpTiO 2 thickness. 2) Transient photovoltage decays are strongly double exponential with two time constants that differ by a factor of ~5, independent of bias light intensity. We show that the fast decay (~1 µs at one sun) can be assigned to the predominant charge recombination pathway in the cell. We examine and reject the possibilities that the fast decay is due to ferro-electric relaxation, or to the bulk photovoltaic effect. We provide two possible schematic electrical models for the cells that reproduce the V oc and TPV data.3) It has been previously observed that MAPI cells frequently show current/voltage hysteresis. For example, an increase in J sc and V oc is observed on the return sweep of a cyclic JV. Our capacitance vs V oc data indicate that the hysteresis involves a change in internal potential gradients, most likely a shift in band offsets at the TiO 2 /MAPI interface. The TPV results show that the V oc hysteresis is not due to a change in recombination rate constant. Calculation of recombination flux at V oc shows that the hysteresis is also not due to an increase in charge separation efficiency, and that charge generation is not a function of applied bias. We also show that the JV hysteresis is not a light driven effect, but is caused by exposure to forward bias, light or dark.

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Parameters Affecting I–V Hysteresis of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ Perovskite Solar Cells: Effects of Perovskite Crystal Size and Mesoporous TiO₂ Layer

Cited by 1,017 publications

References 30 publications

A two-step route to planar perovskite cells exhibiting reduced hysteresis

A two-step route to planar perovskite cells exhibiting reduced hysteresis

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

Optoelectronic Studies of Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells with Mesoporous TiO₂: Separation of Electronic and Chemical Charge Storage, Understanding Two Recombination Lifetimes, and the Evolution of Band Offsets during J–V Hysteresis

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Parameters Affecting I–V Hysteresis of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells: Effects of Perovskite Crystal Size and Mesoporous TiO2 Layer

Cited by 1,017 publications

References 30 publications

A two-step route to planar perovskite cells exhibiting reduced hysteresis

A two-step route to planar perovskite cells exhibiting reduced hysteresis

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

Optoelectronic Studies of Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells with Mesoporous TiO2: Separation of Electronic and Chemical Charge Storage, Understanding Two Recombination Lifetimes, and the Evolution of Band Offsets during J–V Hysteresis

Contact Info

Product

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Parameters Affecting I–V Hysteresis of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ Perovskite Solar Cells: Effects of Perovskite Crystal Size and Mesoporous TiO₂ Layer

Optoelectronic Studies of Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells with Mesoporous TiO₂: Separation of Electronic and Chemical Charge Storage, Understanding Two Recombination Lifetimes, and the Evolution of Band Offsets during J–V Hysteresis