Parameterizing the vertical downward dispersion of ship exhaust gas in the near-field

Badeke, Ronny; Matthias, Volker; Grawe, David

doi:10.5194/acp-2020-753

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…From analysis of transient particle events, wind data and ship transponder signals, it becomes apparent that accuracy in wind data, possible mixing of different plumes during high traffic and prevailing wind directions are key limiting factors rather than chemical detection limits or background air pollution. Consequently, SPMS-based monitoring systems should acquire local wind data and small-scale plume dispersion models should be integrated (Matthias et al, 2018;Badeke et al, 2020). The 435 possible operation time is mainly limited by the prevailing wind directions, which should be perpendicular to the ship lane to avoid plume mixing and straight to the monitoring site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Ship Plumes from Residual Fuel Operation in Emission Control Areas using Single-Particle Mass Spectrometry

Passig¹,

Schade²,

Irsig³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Ships are main contributors to global air pollution with substantial impacts on climate and public health. To improve air quality in densely populated coastal areas and to protect sensitive ecosystems, sulfur emission control areas (SECA) were established in many regions of the world. Ships in SECAs operate with low-sulfur fuels, typically distillate fractions such as marine gas oil (MGO). Alternatively, exhaust gas cleaning devices (scrubbers) can be implemented to remove SO2 from the exhaust, thus allowing the use of cheap high-sulfur residual fuels. Compliance monitoring is established in harbors, but difficult in open water because of high costs and technical limitations. Here we present the first experiments to detect individual ship plumes from distances of several kilometers by single-particle mass spectrometry (SPMS). In contrast to most monitoring approaches that evaluate the gaseous emissions, such as manned or unmanned surveillance flights, sniffer technologies and remote sensing, we analyze the chemical composition of the particulate phase that is transported by the wind over long distances. We optimized SPMS technology for the evaluation of residual fuel emissions and demonstrate their detection in a SECA. Our experiments show that ships with installed scrubbers can emit PM emissions with health-relevant metals in quantities high enough to be detected from more than 10 km distance, emphasizing the importance of novel exhaust cleaning technologies and cleaner fuels. Because of the unique and stable metal signatures, our method is not affected by urban background. With this study, we establish a route towards a novel monitoring protocol for ship emissions. Therefore, we present and discuss mass spectral signatures that indicate the particle age, and thus the distance to the source. By matching ship transponder data, measured wind data and air mass back trajectories, we show, how real-time SPMS data can be evaluated to assign distant ship passages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Ship Plumes from Residual Fuel Operation in Emission Control Areas using Single-Particle Mass Spectrometry

Passig¹,

Schade²,

Irsig³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For example, the dispersion on local or urban scales that also considers obstacle effects has recently been investigated using wind tunnels and CFD models (e.g. Badeke et al, 2020).…”

Section: Air Quality Modelling From Local To Regional Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent micro-scale model simulations also showed the importance of barrier effects for emissions from large ships. It was thus shown that turbulence at the stern of the ship may cause a significant decrease in exhaust pollutants, leading to higher concentrations near the ground and, most likely, higher exposure of the nearby urban population (Badeke et al, 2020). The application of LES Wolf-Grosse et al, 2017;Resler et al, 2020;Werhahn et al, 2020;, Khan et al, 2020 and CFD (San José et al, 2020;Gao et al, 2018;Flageul et al, 2020;Koutsourakis et al, 2020;Nuterman et al, 2011;Buccolieri et al, 2020, Kurppa et al, 2018Kurppa et al, 2019;Karttunen et al, 2020;Kurppa et al, 2020) models for air quality assessment in urban environments is becoming a frequent approach.…”

Section: Improved Turbulence and Dynamics For Higher Resolution Assessment Of Urban Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Air Quality Research – Current and Emerging Challenges

Sokhi

Moussiopoulos

Baklanov

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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Abstract. This review provides a community’s perspective on air quality research focussing mainly on developments over the past decade. The article provides perspectives on current and future challenges as well as research needs for selected key topics. While this paper is not an exhaustive review of all research areas in the field of air quality, we have selected key topics that we feel are important from air quality research and policy perspectives. After providing a short historical overview, this review focuses on improvements in characterising sources and emissions of air pollution, new air quality observations and instrumentation, advances in air quality prediction and forecasting, understanding interactions of air quality with meteorology and climate, exposure and health assessment, and air quality management and policy. In conducting the review, specific objectives were (i) to address current developments that push the boundaries of air quality research forward, (ii) to highlight the emerging prominent gaps of knowledge in air quality research and (iii) and to make recommendations to guide the direction for future research within the wider community. This review also identifies areas of particular importance for air quality policy. The original concept of this review was borne at the International Conference on Air Quality 2020 (held online due to the COVID 19 restrictions during 18–26 May 2020), but the article incorporates a wider landscape of research literature within the field of air quality science. On air pollution emissions the review highlights, in particular, the need to reduce uncertainties in emissions from diffuse sources, particulate matter chemical components, shipping emissions and the importance of considering both indoor and outdoor sources. There is a growing need to have integrated air pollution and related observations from both ground based and remote sensing instruments, including especially those on satellites. The research should also capitalize on the growing area of lower cost sensors, while ensuring a quality of the measurements which are regulated by guidelines. Connecting various physical scales in air quality modelling is still a continual issue, with cities being affected by air pollution gradients at local scales and by long range transport. At the same time, one should allow for the impacts from climate change on a longer timescale. Earth system modelling offers considerable potential by providing a consistent framework for treating scales and processes, especially where there are significant feedbacks, such as those related to aerosols, chemistry and meteorology. Assessment of exposure to air pollution should consider both the impacts of indoor and outdoor emissions, as well as apply more sophisticated, dynamic modelling approaches. With particulate matter being one of the most important pollutants for health, research is indicating the urgent need to understand, in particular, the role of particle number and chemical components in terms of health impact, which in turn requires improved emission inventories and models for predicting high resolution distributions of these metrics over cities. The review also examines, how air pollution management needs to adapt to the above-mentioned new challenges and briefly considers the implications from the COVID-19 pandemic for air quality. Finally, we provide recommendations for air quality research and support for policy.

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Parameterizing the vertical downward dispersion of ship exhaust gas in the near-field

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Detection of Ship Plumes from Residual Fuel Operation in Emission Control Areas using Single-Particle Mass Spectrometry

Detection of Ship Plumes from Residual Fuel Operation in Emission Control Areas using Single-Particle Mass Spectrometry

Advances in Air Quality Research – Current and Emerging Challenges

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