Parameterizing the SFC Baryogenesis Model

Kirilova, Daniela; Panayotova, Mariana

doi:10.1155/2015/425342

“…= 10 −9 1,62 6,53 = 2,48x10 -10 The resulting value of 2,48x10 -10 is lower than the results of the estimates yielded by the ΛCDM model (Kirilova and Panayotova, 2015), based on Planck measurements. Indeed, the estimated quotient is not a direct measurement, but rather an estimate that is partly based on ΛCDM model assumptions and observations, or:…”

mentioning

confidence: 60%

An Alternative to Dark Matter?A Cosmological Model of Galaxy Rotation Using Cosmological Gravity Force, FΛ (ALW)

Perron¹

2019

Preprint

2

0

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A cosmological model was developed using the equation of state of photon gas, as well as cosmic time. The primary objective of this model is to see if determining the observed rotation speed of galactic matter is possible, without using dark matter (halo) as a parameter. To do so, a numerical application of the evolution of variables in accordance with cosmic time was developed to determine precise, realistic values for a number of cosmological parameters, such as energy, cosmological constant Λ, curvature of space k, energy density ρΛe, etc. Several starting assumptions were put forth in order to solve these equations. The current version of the model partially explains several of the observed phenomena that raise questions. Numerical application of the model has yielded the following results, among others: Initially, during the Planck era, at the very beginning of Planck time, tp, the universe contained a single photon at Planck temperature and Planck energy in the Planck volume. During the photon inflation phase (before characteristic time ~10-9 [s]), the number of photons increased at each unit of Planck time and geometrical progression ~n3, where n is the quotient of cosmic time over Planck time (t/tp). Then, the primordial number of photons reached a maximum of ~1089, where it remained constant. Such geometric growth in the number of photons can bring a solution to the horizon problem through photon-photon exchange and a photon energy volume that is in phase with that of the universe. The age of the universe in cosmic time that is in line with positive energy conservation (in terms of conventional thermodynamics) and the creation of proton, neutron, electron, and neutrino masses, is ~76 [Gy].  The predicted total mass (p, n, e and n), based on the Maxwell-Juttner relativistic statistical distribution, is ~7 × 1050 [kg]. The predicted cosmic neutrino mass is ≤ 8.69 × 10−32 [kg]. (≤ 48.7 [keVc−2]) if based on observations of SN1987A. The temperature variation of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), as measured by Planck, can be said to be partially due to energy variations in the universe (DE/E) during the primordial baryon synthesis (energy jump from the creation of protons and neutrons), through a process called baryon asymmetry and the Maxwell-Juttner relativistic distribution. In this model, what is usually referred to as dark energy actually corresponds to the energy of the universe that has not been converted to mass, and which acts on the mass created by the mass-energy equivalence principle and the cosmological gravity field, FΛ, associated with the cosmological constant, which is high during primordial formation of the galaxies (<1 [Gy]). A look at the Casimir effect makes it possible to estimate a minimum Casimir pressure and thus determine our possible relative position in the universe at cosmic time 0,1813 (t0/tW = 13,8 [Gy]/76,1[Gy]). Therefore, from the observed age of 13,8 [Gy], we can derive a possible cosmic age of 76,1 [Gy]. That energy of the universe, when taken into consideration during the formation of the first galaxies (< 1 [Gy]), provides a relatively adequate explanation of the non-Keplerian rotation of galactic masses. Indeed, such residual, non-baryonic energy, when considered in Newton’s gravity equation, adds the term FΛ(r), which can partially explain, without recourse to dark matter, the rotations of some galaxies, such as M33, UGC12591, UGC2885, NGC3198, NGC253, DDO161, UDG44, the MW and the Coma cluster. Today, that cosmological gravity force is in the order of 1026 times smaller than the conventional gravity force. The model predicts an acceleration of the mass in the universe (q ~ −0.986); the energy associated with curvature Ek is the driving force behind the expansion of the universe, rather than the energy associated with the cosmological constant EΛ. An equation to determine expansion is obtained using the energy form of the Friedmann equation relative to Planck power and cosmic time or Planck force acting at the frontier of the universe. Finally, the model partly explains the value a0 of the MOND theory.  Indeed, a0 is not a true constant, but depends on the cosmological constant at the time the great structures were formed (~1 [Gy]), as well as an adjustment of the typical mass and dimension of those great structures, such as galaxies. The constant a0 is a different expression of the cosmological gravity force as expressed by the cosmological constant, Λ, acting through the mass-energy equivalent during the formation of the structures. It does not put in question the value of G.

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“…The resulting value of 2.48 × 10 −10 is lower than the results of the estimates yielded by the ΛCDM model [9], based on Planck measurements [10]. Indeed, the estimated quotient is not a direct measurement, but rather an estimate that is partly based on ΛCDM model assumptions and observations, or: However, a small change in the oft-stated ~10 −9 particle-antiparticle annihilation factor and β can proportionally change the result.…”

Section: Early Baryogenesis (Protons Neutrons) and Leptons (Electrons Neutrinos)mentioning

confidence: 71%

An Alternative to Dark Matter? Part 1: The Early Universe (tp to 10-9 s), Energy Creation the Alphaton, Baryogenesis

Perron¹

2021

JHEPGC

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A cosmological model was developed using the equation of state of photon gas, as well as cosmic time. The primary objective of this model is to see if determining the observed rotation speed of galactic matter is possible, without using dark matter (halo) as a parameter. To do so, a numerical application of the evolution of variables in accordance with cosmic time and a new state equation was developed to determine precise, realistic values for a number of cosmological parameters, such as the energy of the universe U, cosmological constant Λ, the curvature of space k, energy density e ρ Λ , age of the universe t Ω etc. The development of the state equation highlights the importance of not neglecting any of the differential terms given the very large amounts in play that can counterbalance the infinitesimals. Some assumptions were put forth in order to solve these equations. The current version of the model partially explains several of the observed phenomena that raise questions. Numerical application of the model has yielded the following results, among others: Initially, during the Planck era, at the very beginning of Planck time, t p , the universe contained a single photon at Planck temperature How to cite this paper: Perron, J. (2021) An Alternative to Dark Matter? Part 1: The Early Universe (t p to 10 −9 s), Energy Creation the Alphaton, Baryogenesis.

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“…Recently, a more precise numerical account of particle creation processes and their role in SFC baryogenesis was provided in Refs. [26][27][28].…”

Section: Sfc Short Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have provided a numerical analysis [26,27,32,33] of the evolution of the real and imaginary components of ϕ, ϕ(t) = x + iy, and of B(t) from the inflationary stage until t B . We developed a computer program in Fortran 77 using 4th order Runge-Kutta method.…”

Section: Sfc Short Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Favored Inflationary Models by Scalar Field Condensate Baryogenesis

Kirilova

¹

,

Panayotova

²

2021

Galaxies

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We calculate the baryon asymmetry value generated in the Scalar Field Condensate (SCF) baryogenesis model obtained in several inflationary scenarios and different reheating models. We provide analysis of the baryon asymmetry value obtained for more than 70 sets of parameters of the SCF model and the following inflationary scenarios, namely: new inflation, chaotic inflation, Starobinsky inflation, MSSM inflation, quintessential inflation. We considered both cases of efficient thermalization after inflation and delayed thermalization. We have found that the SFC baryogenesis model produces baryon asymmetry orders of magnitude bigger than the observed one for the following inflationary models: new inflation, new inflation model by Shafi and Vilenkin, MSSM inflation, chaotic inflation with high reheating temperature and the simplest Shafi–Vilenkin chaotic inflationary model. Strong diluting mechanisms are needed for these models to reduce the resultant baryon excess at low energies to its observational value today. We have found that a successful generation of the observed baryon asymmetry is possible by the SCF baryogenesis model in Modified Starobinsky inflation, chaotic inflation with low reheating temperature, chaotic inflation in SUGRA, and Quintessential inflation.

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Parameterizing the SFC Baryogenesis Model

Cited by 5 publications

References 87 publications

An Alternative to Dark Matter?A Cosmological Model of Galaxy Rotation Using Cosmological Gravity Force, F<sub>Λ</sub> (ALW)

An Alternative to Dark Matter?A Cosmological Model of Galaxy Rotation Using Cosmological Gravity Force, F<sub>Λ</sub> (ALW)

An Alternative to Dark Matter? Part 1: The Early Universe (<i>t<sub>p</sub></i> to 10<sup>-9</sup> s), Energy Creation the Alphaton, Baryogenesis

Favored Inflationary Models by Scalar Field Condensate Baryogenesis

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Parameterizing the SFC Baryogenesis Model

Cited by 5 publications

References 87 publications

An Alternative to Dark Matter?A Cosmological Model of Galaxy Rotation Using Cosmological Gravity Force, F<sub>&Lambda;</sub> (ALW)

An Alternative to Dark Matter?A Cosmological Model of Galaxy Rotation Using Cosmological Gravity Force, F<sub>&Lambda;</sub> (ALW)

An Alternative to Dark Matter? Part 1: The Early Universe (&lt;i&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; to 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; s), Energy Creation the Alphaton, Baryogenesis

Favored Inflationary Models by Scalar Field Condensate Baryogenesis

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An Alternative to Dark Matter?A Cosmological Model of Galaxy Rotation Using Cosmological Gravity Force, F<sub>Λ</sub> (ALW)

An Alternative to Dark Matter?A Cosmological Model of Galaxy Rotation Using Cosmological Gravity Force, F<sub>Λ</sub> (ALW)

An Alternative to Dark Matter? Part 1: The Early Universe (<i>t<sub>p</sub></i> to 10<sup>-9</sup> s), Energy Creation the Alphaton, Baryogenesis