Parameterization of dust emission for the simulation of the yellow sand (Asian dust) event observed in March 2002 in Korea

Abstract

[1] An extraordinarily severe yellow sand event was observed in Korea for the period of 21-23 March 2002. This event has been simulated using the three-dimensional eulerian transport model with meteorological outputs of the Regional Data Assimilation and Prediction System (RDAPS) together with the statistically derived dust emission conditions from WMO 3 hourly synoptic reporting data for seven spring seasons (MarchMay) from 1996 to 2002 in East Asia. The statistically derived dust-rise conditions with the help of the Chinese soil map in the source regions are found to be the threshold wind speed of 9.5, 7.5, 6.0 and 9.2 m s À1 and the upper limit of relative humidity of 60, 35, 30% and 40% in the Gobi, Sand, Loess and Mixed soil regions, respectively. These dust-rise conditions are implemented to the eulerian long-range transport model to simulate the extraordinarily intensive yellow sand event observed in Korea in terms of temporal and spatial variations of dust concentrations, starting and ending times of the yellow sand event over the Korean peninsula. It is found that the model simulates quite well the observed concentrations of more than 1,000 mg m À3 within the same order of magnitude and the starting and ending times of yellow sand in Korea within an hour. The spatial distribution of vertically integrated dust concentration in the model is quite well coincided with that of aerosol index obtained by total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS). The simulated dust particle sizes indicate that most of mass concentrations of dust in the source regions are mainly contributed by dust particles larger than PM 10 whereas those at distant regions from the sources are largely attributed to the PM 10 particles, suggesting the usefulness of the particle size spectrum in identifying the origin of a dust storm. The presently derived emission conditions enable to forecast the yellow sand event in Korea more reasonably than previously used conditions of threshold friction velocities.

Anthropogenic dust emissions due to livestock trampling in a Mongolian temperate grassland

“…Consequently, it would be better to develop the scale factor as a function related to not only u * and N but also dependant on soil moisture and crust. However, dust emissions cannot be perfectly estimated (Shao, 2001;Uno et al, 2006) using only livestock density information due to the influence of many other surface variables such as soil aggregation (Ishizuka et al, 2012), soil moisture (Fécan et al, 1998;Ishizuka et al, 2009), vegetation roughness (Kimura and Shinoda, 2010;Nandintsetseg and Shinoda, 2015), and atmospheric forcings, including air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed (Park and In, 2003;Park et al, 2010).…”

The Impact of Ground-Based Observations on the Inverse Technique of Aeolian Dust Aerosol

“…The dust impact on society and human activities is very large. Therefore, estimating Aeolian dust-emission flux is a critical issue in East Asian environmental studies, and many Aeolian dust-forecasting models have been developed at many institutes in this region (Park et al 2003;Tanaka et al 2003;Zhang et al 2008). However, the dust-emission amount is the most uncertain factor in the dust process.…”

The Research Trend of Asian Dust Storm (AD) of Korea and Recent Episode Analysis

“…수치모델에서 황사발생원 발생량 산정에 가장 중 요한 요소의 하나인 임계풍속은 6.5 m/s를 사용하였 으나 (Kurosaki and Mikami, 2004;Uno et al, 2003;Tegen and Fung, 1996), 최근에는 임계풍속 7.5 m/s를 주로 사용하고 있다. 기존의 황사 발생량 예측이 봄 철 사례에 집중되었으나 (Park and In, 2003;Uno et al, 2001), 겨울철 황사배출량 산정을 위하여 Kang et al…”