Abstract:Low productivity and high electricity consumption are considered problems of the hammer mill, which is widely used in current feed production. In this paper, the mechanical properties of corn grain ground by a hammer mill were analysed, and the key factors affecting the performance of the hammer mill were determined. The single-factor experiment and three-factor, three-level quadratic regression orthogonal experiment were carried out with the spindle speed, corn grain moisture content and number of hammers as … Show more
“…From the analysis of the literature, the topic of the energy demand of the shredding process of grain material is noted worldwide, and hammer shredders are the most common design in the implementation of the industrial grain milling process. This is also demonstrated by the studies presented by Wang [9,10], who carries out an analysis of the mechanical properties of maize grain and identifies the key factors affecting the operation of a hammer shredder. Also the analysis of a new shredder screens design in order to improve the process efficiency has been conducted.…”
In this paper, the research procedure is presented aiming at determining the impact of selected features and design parameters of the working unit of the hammer shredder on the rate of material circulation in the shredding chamber and its unit load. The addressed issues are new and very relevant, due to their scientific and utilitarian significance.In the available literature it is not possible to find answers to the research problems formulated in the paper. For the purpose of carrying out the work, a real-scale test bed was developed and constructed, where a hammer shredder equipped with a traditional rotor design with hammers in the shape of rectangular plates and a hammer shredder equipped with a new, original rotor design with hammers in the shape of a circular section were tested. The research was conducted while grinding granular material in the form of barley grain (spring Antek). Following the analysis of the experimental results, it was concluded that the new design solution of the hammer shredder rotor is more effective than the commonly used standard design solution and may bring significant economic and technological advantages. This is due to the fact that the new design forces the lower rate of material circulation in the shredding chamber and contributes to more efficient operation of the hammer shredder.
“…From the analysis of the literature, the topic of the energy demand of the shredding process of grain material is noted worldwide, and hammer shredders are the most common design in the implementation of the industrial grain milling process. This is also demonstrated by the studies presented by Wang [9,10], who carries out an analysis of the mechanical properties of maize grain and identifies the key factors affecting the operation of a hammer shredder. Also the analysis of a new shredder screens design in order to improve the process efficiency has been conducted.…”
In this paper, the research procedure is presented aiming at determining the impact of selected features and design parameters of the working unit of the hammer shredder on the rate of material circulation in the shredding chamber and its unit load. The addressed issues are new and very relevant, due to their scientific and utilitarian significance.In the available literature it is not possible to find answers to the research problems formulated in the paper. For the purpose of carrying out the work, a real-scale test bed was developed and constructed, where a hammer shredder equipped with a traditional rotor design with hammers in the shape of rectangular plates and a hammer shredder equipped with a new, original rotor design with hammers in the shape of a circular section were tested. The research was conducted while grinding granular material in the form of barley grain (spring Antek). Following the analysis of the experimental results, it was concluded that the new design solution of the hammer shredder rotor is more effective than the commonly used standard design solution and may bring significant economic and technological advantages. This is due to the fact that the new design forces the lower rate of material circulation in the shredding chamber and contributes to more efficient operation of the hammer shredder.
“…(2) Response surface analysis of missed pulling rate and pull-off rate To express vividly the significance of the influence of each test factor on the working performance of the machine, a 3D response surface model (Shi et al, 2023) was established, and the consistency between the influencing trend of each factor on evaluation indexes and the analysis result of variance was assessed (Jiang et al, 2024), as shown in Figure 7.…”
In this paper, a new horizontal-shaft roller-type cotton stalk puller was designed to address the problems of weak research on cotton stalk pulling and harvesting machines, poor agronomic adaptability, and insufficient research. First, the physical and mechanical properties of cotton stalk were experimentally studied, the cotton stalk pulling force test was conducted and the moisture content and the bending characteristics of cotton stalk were evaluated. The test results showed that cotton stalk pulling force was positively correlated with the cotton stalk diameter and the bending characteristics were positively correlated with the moisture content but were not evidently influenced by the diameter. Second, with the missed pulling rate and pull-off rate as the evaluation indexes and three independent variables, namely, forward speed, linear speed of stalk pulling rod, and rotation speed of stalk pulling roller, as the influencing factors, a 3D response surface model was established. On this basis, the lack-of-fit term P (p = 0.3650) > 0.05 of the evaluation index—missed pulling rate P1—was acquired, and the P value of pull-off rate P2 was always smaller than 0.0001. Finally, the results demonstrated that the influence of various factors on the missed pulling rate of cotton stalk is significant and followed the order forward speed > linear speed of stalk pulling rod > rotation speed of stalk pulling roller; the significance level regarding the influence on the pull-off rate followed the order rotation speed of stalk pulling roller > linear speed of stalk pulling rod > forward speed. Through the parameter optimization analysis, the optimal parameter combination was obtained which coincide with the model optimization and prediction result. The proposed method provides a basis and experimental reference for studying cotton stalk harvesting machineries.
“…The force analysis diagram is shown in Figure 3. According to impulse theorem and momentum theorem (Wang et al, 2020), the following formulas can be obtained:…”
Section: Force Analysis Of Corn Grainmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The grinding of cereal feed can increase its surface area, which is beneficial for improving the digestibility and palatability of feed (Dey et al, 2013;Ghodki & Goswami, 2018). Hammer mills have the widest application due to their advantages of simple structure, good versatility and convenient maintenance (Wang et al, 2020;Bochat et al, 2015;Nakamura et al, 2015). However, hammer mills exhibit low productivity and high energy consumption in production (Polari & Wang, 2019;Tian et al, 2018;Cao et al, 2016).…”
To improve the working performance of hammer mill, cutting-edge hammer and oblique hammer were designed in this study. The advantages of new hammers were theoretically analyzed. The grinding process of corn grain with different hammers was studied by discrete element method (DEM) and experiments. Discrete element simulation results showed that under same rotor speed conditions, the cutting-edge hammer had highest bond-breaking efficiency in corn grain model. The oblique hammer could reduce the incident angle of corn grain and improve sieving efficiency. The motion trajectory of corn grain in grinding chamber was relatively dispersed and similar when using common hammer and cutting-edge hammer, and the motion trajectory was more concentrated when oblique hammer was used. The experimental results showed that both cutting-edge hammer and oblique hammer could improve the working performance of hammer mill. The productivity of hammer mill could be improved by using cutting-edge hammer, electricity consumption per ton and temperature rise of feed could be reduced by using oblique hammer, and the experimental results were consistent with simulation results and theoretical analysis results. The research results can provide references for the design of new hammer and the grinding process simulation of other agricultural materials.
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