Parameter of Nonlinearity in Fluids. II

Abstract

The sound velocity has been measured as a function of temperature and hydrostatic pressure for a number of organic liquids and for water-methanol mixtures. These data have been used to compute the ratio B/A of the coefficient B of the quadratic term to that of the linear term A in the adiabatic expansion of pressure changes in terms of density changes. The ratio has also been computed (by use of data from other sources) for sea water and for five alcohols. A discussion is given of various methods of computing B/A.

Noninvasive Estimation of Temperature Elevations in Biological Tissues Using Acoustic Nonlinearity Parameter Imaging

“…A thermodynamic method (Coppens et al 1965;Zhu et al 1983) and a finite-amplitude method (Gong et al 1989;Law et al 1985) are most commonly used to measure this parameter for liquid and liquid-like media. It has been reported that, compared with the linear ultrasonic parameters, the acoustic nonlinearity parameter B/A can provide more information on the state of the tissues and may become a novel parameter for biological tissue characterization (Bjørnø 1986;Gong et al 1993;Law et al 1985;Muir and Carstensen 1980;Sehgal et al 1986;Yoshizumi et al 1987).…”

Similarity solutions for two-dimensional weak shock waves

“…These nonlinear effects are investigated for curved weak shock waves in experimental reports; e.g. see [26,27] and references therein, and in theoretical reports; e.g. see [19] where it is shown that in 2-D x y-space, the wave front positions and their orthogonal trajectories from an orthogonal coordinate system.…”

Studies of Nonlinear Sound Dynamics in Fluids Based on the Caloric Equation of State

“…In the frames of the present study, we maintain terms of power no higher than the third one in the series (5). In order to establish links analogous to those in the Riemann wave, the waveform has to be simple a priori.…”

“…The conservative equations of mass, momentum and energy are similar in gases and liquids. The sound speed and parameter of nonlinearity B/A are larger in liquids (Beyer, 1960;1998;Coppens et al, 1965). The reason for that is a difference in thermodynamic properties of gases and liquids.…”